IntervalIndex#

class pandas::IntervalIndex#

Index class for axis labels in pandas data structures.

Example#

#include <pandas/pandas.h>
using namespace pandas;

// Create IntervalIndex
IntervalIndex<int64_t> idx({1, 2, 3}, "my_index");
size_t len = idx.size();

Constructors#

Signature

Location

Example

explicit IntervalIndex(const IntervalArray<T>& array, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt)

pd_interval_index.h:144

View

explicit IntervalIndex(IntervalArray<T>&& array, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt)

pd_interval_index.h:153

View

IntervalIndex(const IntervalIndex& other)

pd_interval_index.h:162

View

IntervalIndex(IntervalIndex&& other) noexcept = default

pd_interval_index.h:171

View

Construction#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

static IntervalIndex from_arrays( const std::vector<T>& left, const std::vector<T>& right, IntervalClosed closed = IntervalClosed::Right, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt, bool copy = false, const std::string& dtype = "")

static IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:203

View

static IntervalIndex from_arrays( const numpy::NDArray<T>& left, const numpy::NDArray<T>& right, IntervalClosed closed = IntervalClosed::Right, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt, bool copy = false, const std::string& dtype = "")

static IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:231

View

static IntervalIndex from_breaks( const std::vector<T>& breaks, IntervalClosed closed = IntervalClosed::Right, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt, bool copy = false, const std::string& dtype = "")

static IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:260

View

static IntervalIndex from_breaks( const numpy::NDArray<T>& breaks, IntervalClosed closed = IntervalClosed::Right, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt, bool copy = false, const std::string& dtype = "")

static IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:286

View

static IntervalIndex from_tuples( const std::vector<std::pair<T, T>>& data, IntervalClosed closed = IntervalClosed::Right, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt, bool copy = false, const std::string& dtype = "")

static IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:313

View

Indexing / Selection#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

get_indexer_non_unique(const IntervalIndex& target) const

pd_interval_index.h:1441

View

IntervalIndex get_level_values(int level = 0) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1751

View

size_t get_slice_bound(const std::pair<T, T>& label, const std::string& side = "left") const

size_t

pd_interval_index.h:1364

View

std::string get_string(size_t i) const

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:735

View

std::string get_value_str(size_t index) const override

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:723

View

IntervalIndex where(const numpy::NDArray<numpy::bool_>& cond, const std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>& other = std::nullopt) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1643

View

Data Manipulation#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

IntervalIndex drop_duplicates(const std::string& keep = "first") const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:979

View

IntervalIndex droplevel(int level = 0) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1763

View

IntervalIndex insert(size_t loc, const std::pair<T, T>& item) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1084

View

std::pair<IntervalIndex, numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64>> reindex( const IntervalIndex& target, const std::string& method = "", std::optional<int> level = std::nullopt, std::optional<int> limit = std::nullopt, std::optional<T> tolerance = std::nullopt) const

std::pair<IntervalIndex, numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64>>

pd_interval_index.h:1562

View

IntervalIndex rename(const std::optional<std::string>& new_name, bool inplace = false, std::optional<std::string> name = std::nullopt) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:757

View

IntervalIndex set_names(const std::optional<std::string>& names, std::optional<int> level = std::nullopt, bool inplace = false) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1698

View

Statistics#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

std::optional<std::pair<T, T>> max(bool skipna = true, std::optional<int> axis = std::nullopt) const

std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>

pd_interval_index.h:830

View

std::optional<std::pair<T, T>> min(bool skipna = true, std::optional<int> axis = std::nullopt) const

std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>

pd_interval_index.h:816

View

Aggregation#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

std::unordered_map<GroupKey, std::vector<size_t>> groupby(KeyFunc key_func, std::optional<ValuesT> values = std::nullopt) const

std::unordered_map<GroupKey, std::vector<size_t>>

pd_interval_index.h:1816

View

std::unordered_map<GroupT, std::vector<size_t>> groupby( const std::vector<GroupT>& values) const

std::unordered_map<GroupT, std::vector<size_t>>

pd_interval_index.h:1848

View

IntervalIndex map(Func mapper, const std::string& na_action = "") const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1616

View

Arithmetic#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

const std::string& subtype_override() const

const std::string&

pd_interval_index.h:537

View

Comparison#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

numpy::NDArray<T> left() const

numpy::NDArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:344

View

numpy::NDArray<T> length() const

numpy::NDArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:366

View

IntervalArray<T> new_arr(values, arr.closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1939

IntervalArray<T> new_arr(values, arr.closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1959

IntervalArray<T> new_arr(result, arr1.closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:2028

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1100

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1189

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1212

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1545

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1601

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1633

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1660

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1687

IntervalArray<T> new_array(values, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1741

Sorting#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

size_t searchsorted(const std::pair<T, T>& value, const std::string& side = "left", std::optional<numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64>> sorter = std::nullopt) const

size_t

pd_interval_index.h:1477

View

Reshaping#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

FrameData to_frame(bool index = true, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt) const

FrameData

pd_interval_index.h:2074

View

IntervalIndex transpose() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1236

View

Combining#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

IntervalIndex join(const IntervalIndex& other, const std::string& how = "left", std::optional<int> level = std::nullopt, bool return_indexers = false, bool sort = false) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1890

View

Time Series#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

std::optional<std::pair<T, T>> asof(T where, std::optional<T> label = std::nullopt) const

std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>

pd_interval_index.h:1314

View

numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64> asof_locs(const numpy::NDArray<T>& where, std::optional<numpy::NDArray<numpy::bool_>> mask = std::nullopt) const

numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64>

pd_interval_index.h:1336

View

numpy::NDArray<T> diff(int64_t periods = 1) const

numpy::NDArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1109

View

IntervalIndex shift(int64_t periods = 1, std::optional<std::string> freq = std::nullopt) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1159

View

I/O#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

IntervalIndex to_flat_index() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1243

View

std::vector<std::pair<T, T>> to_numpy( bool copy = true, const std::pair<T, T>& na_value = std::pair<T, T>{T{0}, T{0}}) const

std::vector<std::pair<T, T>>

pd_interval_index.h:1255

View

SeriesData to_series(const std::optional<IntervalIndex>& index = std::nullopt, const std::optional<std::string>& name = std::nullopt) const

SeriesData

pd_interval_index.h:2141

View

std::string to_string() const override

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:649

View

std::vector<std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>> to_tuples() const

std::vector<std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>>

pd_interval_index.h:519

View

std::vector<std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>> tolist() const

std::vector<std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>>

pd_interval_index.h:1274

View

Conversion#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

IntervalIndex astype(const std::string& dtype, bool copy = true) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1782

View

IntervalIndex copy() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:770

View

IntervalIndex infer_objects() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1712

View

IntervalIndex view() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1228

View

Set Operations#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

std::vector<bool> duplicated(const std::string& keep = "first") const

std::vector<bool>

pd_interval_index.h:1038

View

IntervalIndex union_(const IntervalIndex& other, bool sort = true) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1973

View

IntervalIndex unique() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:960

View

Type Checking#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

bool is_(const IntervalIndex& other) const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:1772

View

bool is_boolean() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:873

View

bool is_categorical() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:880

View

BooleanArray is_empty() const

BooleanArray

pd_interval_index.h:412

View

bool is_floating() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:887

View

bool is_integer() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:894

View

bool is_interval() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:866

View

bool is_left_closed() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:391

View

bool is_non_overlapping_monotonic() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:439

View

bool is_numeric() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:901

View

bool is_object() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:908

View

bool is_overlapping() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:424

View

bool is_right_closed() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:398

View

Other Methods#

Signature

Return Type

Location

Example

bool all(bool skipna = true) const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:783

View

static bool all_values_integer(const std::vector<T>& values)

static bool

pd_interval_index.h:63

bool any(bool skipna = true) const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:801

View

numpy::int64 argmax() const

numpy::int64

pd_interval_index.h:848

View

numpy::int64 argmin() const

numpy::int64

pd_interval_index.h:841

View

IntervalArray<T> arr(out, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:972

View

IntervalArray<T> arr(result_vals, this->closed())

IntervalArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:1032

View

std::unique_ptr<IndexBase> clone() const override

std::unique_ptr<IndexBase>

pd_interval_index.h:561

View

IntervalClosed closed() const

IntervalClosed

pd_interval_index.h:377

View

std::string closed_string() const

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:384

View

void compute_is_overlapping() const

void

pd_interval_index.h:74

BooleanArray contains(T value) const

BooleanArray

pd_interval_index.h:456

View

BooleanArray contains(const numpy::NDArray<T>& values) const

BooleanArray

pd_interval_index.h:466

View

IntervalIndex delete_(size_t loc) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1924

View

IntervalIndex delete_(const std::vector<size_t>& locs) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1948

View

std::string dtype_indent(14, ' ')

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:704

std::string dtype_name() const override

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:544

View

oss << fmt_td(val->first) << ", " << fmt_td(val->second)

oss <<

pd_interval_index.h:601

oss << fmt_ts(val->first) << ", " << fmt_ts(val->second)

oss <<

pd_interval_index.h:639

std::vector<std::string> format(bool na_rep_as_string = true, std::nullptr_t formatter = nullptr, const std::string& na_rep = "NaN", bool name = false) const

std::vector<std::string>

pd_interval_index.h:1286

View

std::string format_interval(size_t index) const

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:575

View

bool holds_integer() const

bool

pd_interval_index.h:859

View

std::string indent(15, ' ')

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:655

std::string inferred_type() const override

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:554

View

std::pair<T, T> item() const

std::pair<T, T>

pd_interval_index.h:930

View

size_t memory_usage(bool deep = false) const

size_t

pd_interval_index.h:921

View

FloatingArray<numpy::float64> mid() const

FloatingArray<numpy::float64>

pd_interval_index.h:359

View

BooleanArray overlaps(T other_left, T other_right) const

BooleanArray

pd_interval_index.h:477

View

BooleanArray overlaps(T other_left, T other_right, IntervalClosed other_closed) const

BooleanArray

pd_interval_index.h:489

View

IntervalIndex putmask(const numpy::NDArray<numpy::bool_>& mask, const std::pair<T, T>& value) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1670

View

IntervalIndex ravel() const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1220

View

IntervalIndex repeat(size_t repeats, std::optional<int> axis = std::nullopt) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1199

View

std::string repr() const override

std::string

pd_interval_index.h:716

View

IntervalIndex result(\*this)

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:762

View

numpy::NDArray<T> right() const

numpy::NDArray<T>

pd_interval_index.h:351

View

IntervalIndex round(int decimals = 0) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1721

View

IntervalIndex set_closed(IntervalClosed new_closed) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:503

View

IntervalIndex set_closed(const std::string& new_closed) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:511

View

void set_subtype_override(const std::string& override_str)

void

pd_interval_index.h:530

View

std::vector<size_t> slice_indexer( const std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>& start = std::nullopt, const std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>& end = std::nullopt, size_t step = 1) const

std::vector<size_t>

pd_interval_index.h:1420

View

std::pair<size_t, size_t> slice_locs( const std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>& start = std::nullopt, const std::optional<std::pair<T, T>>& end = std::nullopt, size_t step = 1) const

std::pair<size_t, size_t>

pd_interval_index.h:1385

View

IntervalIndex sort(bool ascending = true) const

IntervalIndex

pd_interval_index.h:1509

View

std::pair<IntervalIndex, numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64>> sortlevel( int level = 0, bool ascending = true, const std::string& na_position = "last", bool sort_remaining = true) const

std::pair<IntervalIndex, numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64>>

pd_interval_index.h:1522

View

StringMethods<IntervalIndex<T>> str() const

StringMethods<IntervalIndex<T>>

pd_interval_index.h:743

View

IndexTypeId type_id() const override

IndexTypeId

pd_interval_index.h:565

View

Code Examples#

The following examples are extracted from the test suite.

IntervalIndex (pd_test_5_all.cpp:1350)
1340    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1341}
1342
1343
1344// --- cpp_f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053.cpp ---
1345void f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() {
1346    std::cout << "========= f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 =======";
1347    int local_fail = 0;
1348    // Expected from pandas: str(pd.cut(range(4), bins=2).categories)
1349    std::string expected =
1350        "IntervalIndex([(-0.003, 1.5], (1.5, 3.0]], dtype='interval[float64, right]')";
1351
1352    // Placeholder: cut() + categories accessor needed in C++ API
1353    // pandas_tests::check(result_categories.to_string() == expected, "binning.cut_categories.str");
1354    pandas_tests::check(true, "binning.cut_categories.str (expected value captured)", local_fail);
1355    if (local_fail > 0) {
1356        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() : " << local_fail << " checks failed" << std::endl;
1357        throw std::runtime_error("f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 failed");
1358    }
1359    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1360}
IntervalIndex (pd_test_5_all.cpp:1350)
1340    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1341}
1342
1343
1344// --- cpp_f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053.cpp ---
1345void f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() {
1346    std::cout << "========= f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 =======";
1347    int local_fail = 0;
1348    // Expected from pandas: str(pd.cut(range(4), bins=2).categories)
1349    std::string expected =
1350        "IntervalIndex([(-0.003, 1.5], (1.5, 3.0]], dtype='interval[float64, right]')";
1351
1352    // Placeholder: cut() + categories accessor needed in C++ API
1353    // pandas_tests::check(result_categories.to_string() == expected, "binning.cut_categories.str");
1354    pandas_tests::check(true, "binning.cut_categories.str (expected value captured)", local_fail);
1355    if (local_fail > 0) {
1356        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() : " << local_fail << " checks failed" << std::endl;
1357        throw std::runtime_error("f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 failed");
1358    }
1359    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1360}
IntervalIndex (pd_test_5_all.cpp:1350)
1340    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1341}
1342
1343
1344// --- cpp_f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053.cpp ---
1345void f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() {
1346    std::cout << "========= f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 =======";
1347    int local_fail = 0;
1348    // Expected from pandas: str(pd.cut(range(4), bins=2).categories)
1349    std::string expected =
1350        "IntervalIndex([(-0.003, 1.5], (1.5, 3.0]], dtype='interval[float64, right]')";
1351
1352    // Placeholder: cut() + categories accessor needed in C++ API
1353    // pandas_tests::check(result_categories.to_string() == expected, "binning.cut_categories.str");
1354    pandas_tests::check(true, "binning.cut_categories.str (expected value captured)", local_fail);
1355    if (local_fail > 0) {
1356        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() : " << local_fail << " checks failed" << std::endl;
1357        throw std::runtime_error("f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 failed");
1358    }
1359    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1360}
IntervalIndex (pd_test_5_all.cpp:1350)
1340    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1341}
1342
1343
1344// --- cpp_f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053.cpp ---
1345void f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() {
1346    std::cout << "========= f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 =======";
1347    int local_fail = 0;
1348    // Expected from pandas: str(pd.cut(range(4), bins=2).categories)
1349    std::string expected =
1350        "IntervalIndex([(-0.003, 1.5], (1.5, 3.0]], dtype='interval[float64, right]')";
1351
1352    // Placeholder: cut() + categories accessor needed in C++ API
1353    // pandas_tests::check(result_categories.to_string() == expected, "binning.cut_categories.str");
1354    pandas_tests::check(true, "binning.cut_categories.str (expected value captured)", local_fail);
1355    if (local_fail > 0) {
1356        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053() : " << local_fail << " checks failed" << std::endl;
1357        throw std::runtime_error("f_test_pandas_advanced_indexing_compare_full_1053 failed");
1358    }
1359    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1360}
from_arrays (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1994)
1984// ============================================================================
1985// Test: from_arrays factory method
1986// ============================================================================
1987void test_from_arrays() {
1988    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: from_arrays ======================= ";
1989
1990    std::vector<numpy::int64> left_vec = {0, 10, 20};
1991    std::vector<numpy::int64> right_vec = {5, 15, 25};
1992
1993    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayInt64::from_arrays(left_vec, right_vec);
1994
1995    if (arr.size() != 3) {
1996        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_arrays() : size" << std::endl;
1997        return;
1998    }
1999
2000    auto interval1 = arr[1];
2001    if (!interval1.has_value() || interval1->first != 10 || interval1->second != 15) {
2002        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_arrays() : interval values" << std::endl;
2003        return;
from_arrays (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1994)
1984// ============================================================================
1985// Test: from_arrays factory method
1986// ============================================================================
1987void test_from_arrays() {
1988    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: from_arrays ======================= ";
1989
1990    std::vector<numpy::int64> left_vec = {0, 10, 20};
1991    std::vector<numpy::int64> right_vec = {5, 15, 25};
1992
1993    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayInt64::from_arrays(left_vec, right_vec);
1994
1995    if (arr.size() != 3) {
1996        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_arrays() : size" << std::endl;
1997        return;
1998    }
1999
2000    auto interval1 = arr[1];
2001    if (!interval1.has_value() || interval1->first != 10 || interval1->second != 15) {
2002        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_arrays() : interval values" << std::endl;
2003        return;
from_breaks (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1955)
1945}
1946
1947// ============================================================================
1948// Test: from_breaks factory method
1949// ============================================================================
1950void test_from_breaks() {
1951    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: from_breaks ======================= ";
1952
1953    // Create from breaks
1954    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0};
1955    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks);
1956
1957    if (arr.size() != 4) {
1958        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_breaks() : size should be n-1" << std::endl;
1959        return;
1960    }
1961
1962    // Check intervals
1963    auto interval0 = arr[0];
1964    if (!interval0.has_value() || interval0->first != 0.0 || interval0->second != 1.0) {
1965        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_breaks() : first interval" << std::endl;
from_breaks (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1955)
1945}
1946
1947// ============================================================================
1948// Test: from_breaks factory method
1949// ============================================================================
1950void test_from_breaks() {
1951    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: from_breaks ======================= ";
1952
1953    // Create from breaks
1954    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0};
1955    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks);
1956
1957    if (arr.size() != 4) {
1958        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_breaks() : size should be n-1" << std::endl;
1959        return;
1960    }
1961
1962    // Check intervals
1963    auto interval0 = arr[0];
1964    if (!interval0.has_value() || interval0->first != 0.0 || interval0->second != 1.0) {
1965        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_breaks() : first interval" << std::endl;
from_tuples (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2022)
2012// ============================================================================
2013void test_from_tuples() {
2014    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: from_tuples ======================= ";
2015
2016    std::vector<std::pair<numpy::float64, numpy::float64>> tuples = {
2017        {0.0, 1.5},
2018        {1.5, 3.0},
2019        {3.0, 4.5}
2020    };
2021
2022    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_tuples(tuples);
2023
2024    if (arr.size() != 3) {
2025        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_tuples() : size" << std::endl;
2026        return;
2027    }
2028
2029    auto interval2 = arr[2];
2030    if (!interval2.has_value() || interval2->first != 3.0 || interval2->second != 4.5) {
2031        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_from_tuples() : interval values" << std::endl;
2032        return;
get_indexer_non_unique (pd_test_3_all.cpp:739)
729    if (indexer.getElementAt({1}) != 3) {
730        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_indexers() : 'd' should be at index 3" << std::endl;
731        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_indexers failed: 'd' index");
732    }
733    // "f" doesn't exist -> -1
734    if (indexer.getElementAt({2}) != -1) {
735        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_indexers() : 'f' should be -1" << std::endl;
736        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_indexers failed: 'f' index");
737    }
738
739    // Test get_indexer_non_unique()
740    std::vector<std::string> target2 = {"a", "c", "z"};  // "z" doesn't exist
741    pandas::Index<std::string> target_idx(target2);
742    auto [indexer2, missing] = idx.get_indexer_non_unique(target_idx);
743
744    if (indexer2.getSize() < 2) {
745        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_indexers() : get_indexer_non_unique size too small" << std::endl;
746        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_indexers failed: get_indexer_non_unique size");
747    }
748
749    // Test slice_indexer()
get_level_values (pd_test_3_all.cpp:4524)
4514    }
4515
4516    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
4517}
4518
4519void pd_test_3_all_interval_index_get_level_values_droplevel() {
4520    std::cout << "========= IntervalIndex.get_level_values/droplevel() ";
4521
4522    pandas::IntervalIndex64 idx = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 10, 20, 30});
4523
4524    // get_level_values(0) should work
4525    pandas::IntervalIndex64 level_vals = idx.get_level_values(0);
4526    if (level_vals.size() != idx.size()) {
4527        throw std::runtime_error("get_level_values(0) size mismatch");
4528    }
4529
4530    // get_level_values(1) should throw
4531    bool threw = false;
4532    try {
4533        idx.get_level_values(1);
4534    } catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
get_slice_bound (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3644)
3634    formatted = idx.format(custom_formatter);
3635
3636    if (formatted[0] != "val:1") {
3637        throw std::runtime_error("custom formatter failed");
3638    }
3639
3640    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3641}
3642
3643void pd_test_3_all_index_get_slice_bound() {
3644    std::cout << "========= Index.get_slice_bound() ==================";
3645
3646    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx({10, 20, 30, 40, 50});
3647
3648    // Exact match, left side
3649    size_t bound = idx.get_slice_bound(30, "left");
3650    if (bound != 2) {
3651        throw std::runtime_error("left bound for 30 should be 2");
3652    }
3653
3654    // Exact match, right side
get_string (pd_test_3_all.cpp:27746)
27736        }
27737    }
27738
27739    pandas::Series<numpy::int64> si({10, 20, 30}, "ints");
27740    auto result2 = si.astype("str");
27741    auto* str_s2 = dynamic_cast<pandas::Series<std::string>*>(result2.get());
27742    if (!str_s2) {
27743        std::cout << "    FAIL: expected Series<string> from int" << std::endl;
27744        fail++;
27745    } else {
27746        if (str_s2->get_string(0) != "10") {
27747            std::cout << "    FAIL: expected '10', got '" << str_s2->get_string(0) << "'" << std::endl;
27748            fail++;
27749        }
27750    }
27751
27752    if (fail == 0) std::cout << "    OK" << std::endl;
27753}
27754
27755void pd_test_astype_datetime_to_string() {
27756    std::cout << "  -- pd_test_astype_datetime_to_string --" << std::endl;
get_value_str (pd_test_1_all.cpp:4665)
4655            auto corr_df = df.corr();
4656
4657            // Check dimensions
4658            bool passed = corr_df.nrows() == 2 && corr_df.ncols() == 2;
4659            if (!passed) {
4660                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_aggregation_dataframe_corr() : corr should be 2x2" << std::endl;
4661                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_aggregation_dataframe_corr failed: corr should be 2x2");
4662            }
4663
4664            // Diagonal should be 1.0
4665            std::string aa = corr_df["A"].get_value_str(0);
4666            passed = std::abs(std::stod(aa) - 1.0) < 0.001;
4667            if (!passed) {
4668                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_aggregation_dataframe_corr() : diagonal should be 1.0" << std::endl;
4669                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_aggregation_dataframe_corr failed: diagonal should be 1.0");
4670            }
4671
4672            // A-B correlation should be 1.0 (perfect correlation)
4673            std::string ab = corr_df["B"].get_value_str(0);
4674            passed = std::abs(std::stod(ab) - 1.0) < 0.001;
4675            if (!passed) {
where (pd_test_1_all.cpp:22018)
22008            data["B"] = {5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0};
22009            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
22010
22011            // Create condition DataFrame (values > 2)
22012            std::map<std::string, std::vector<numpy::bool_>> cond_data;
22013            cond_data["A"] = {false, false, true, true};   // 1<=2, 2<=2, 3>2, 4>2
22014            cond_data["B"] = {true, true, true, true};     // all >2
22015            pandas::DataFrame cond(cond_data);
22016
22017            // Apply where with replacement value -1
22018            pandas::DataFrame result = df.where(cond, -1.0);
22019
22020            // Get column index for A - it's sorted alphabetically in std::map
22021            size_t col_a_idx = df.get_column_index("A");
22022            size_t col_b_idx = df.get_column_index("B");
22023
22024            bool passed = true;
22025            std::string error_msg;
22026
22027            // Check A column values
22028            std::string a0 = result.iat<double>(0, col_a_idx) == -1.0 ? "ok" : "fail";
drop_duplicates (pd_test_1_all.cpp:6639)
6629                }
6630            }
6631
6632            // Test drop_duplicates
6633            {
6634                std::map<std::string, std::vector<numpy::int64>> dup_data;
6635                dup_data["A"] = {1, 1, 2, 2};
6636                dup_data["B"] = {1, 1, 2, 3};
6637                pandas::DataFrame df_dup(dup_data);
6638
6639                auto deduped = df_dup.drop_duplicates();
6640                // Rows 0 and 1 are duplicates (A=1, B=1), so should have 3 rows
6641                if (deduped.nrows() != 3) {
6642                    std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_dataframe_manipulation() : drop_duplicates nrows != 3, got " << deduped.nrows() << std::endl;
6643                    throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_dataframe_manipulation failed: drop_duplicates");
6644                }
6645            }
6646
6647            // Test assign
6648            {
6649                std::map<std::string, std::vector<numpy::int64>> assign_data;
droplevel (pd_test_1_all.cpp:14428)
14418        void pd_test_multiindex_droplevel() {
14419            std::cout << "========= droplevel =================================== ";
14420
14421            std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> arrays = {
14422                {"a", "a", "b"},
14423                {"x", "y", "z"},
14424                {"1", "2", "3"}
14425            };
14426
14427            pandas::MultiIndex mi = pandas::MultiIndex::from_arrays<std::string>(arrays);
14428            pandas::MultiIndex dropped = mi.droplevel(1);
14429
14430            bool passed = true;
14431
14432            if (dropped.nlevels() != 2) {
14433                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : nlevels should be 2 after drop" << std::endl;
14434                passed = false;
14435            }
14436
14437            // Check remaining levels
14438            auto tup = dropped[0];
insert (pd_test_1_all.cpp:12028)
12018            }
12019
12020            std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12021        }
12022
12023        void pd_test_index_insert_delete() {
12024            std::cout << "========= insert and delete ===========================";
12025
12026            pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx{1, 2, 4, 5};
12027
12028            auto inserted = idx.insert(2, 3);
12029            bool passed = (inserted.size() == 5);
12030            passed = passed && (inserted[2] == 3);
12031
12032            auto deleted = inserted.delete_(2);
12033            passed = passed && (deleted.size() == 4);
12034            passed = passed && deleted.equals(idx);
12035
12036            if (!passed) {
12037                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_index_insert_delete() : insert/delete failed" << std::endl;
12038                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_index_insert_delete failed");
reindex (pd_test_1_all.cpp:6708)
6698                }
6699            }
6700
6701            // Test reindex rows
6702            {
6703                std::map<std::string, std::vector<double>> data;
6704                data["A"] = {1.0, 2.0, 3.0};
6705                pandas::DataFrame df(data);
6706                df = df.set_axis({"x", "y", "z"}, 0);
6707
6708                auto reindexed = df.reindex({"x", "z", "w"}, 0);
6709                if (reindexed.nrows() != 3) {
6710                    std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_dataframe_index_ops() : reindex wrong nrows" << std::endl;
6711                    throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_dataframe_index_ops failed: reindex nrows");
6712                }
6713                // 'w' should have NaN
6714                std::string val = reindexed["A"].get_value_str(2);
6715                if (!std::isnan(std::stod(val))) {
6716                    std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_dataframe_index_ops() : missing label should be NaN" << std::endl;
6717                    throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_dataframe_index_ops failed: reindex NaN");
6718                }
rename (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5816)
5806    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5807}
5808
5809void pd_test_categorical_index_rename() {
5810    std::cout << "========= rename ======================================";
5811
5812    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"x", "y"});
5813    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr, "old_name");
5814
5815    pandas::CategoricalIndex renamed = idx.rename("new_name");
5816
5817    bool passed = (renamed.name().has_value() && *renamed.name() == "new_name" &&
5818                   renamed.size() == idx.size() && renamed.categories() == idx.categories());
5819    if (!passed) {
5820        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_index_rename()" << std::endl;
5821        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_index_rename failed");
5822    }
5823
5824    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5825}
set_names (pd_test_1_all.cpp:14519)
14509            std::cout << "-> tests passed" << std::endl;
14510        }
14511
14512        void pd_test_multiindex_set_names() {
14513            std::cout << "========= set_names =================================== ";
14514
14515            std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> arrays = {{"a", "b"}, {"x", "y"}};
14516            pandas::MultiIndex mi = pandas::MultiIndex::from_arrays<std::string>(arrays);
14517
14518            std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> new_names = {"level_a", "level_b"};
14519            pandas::MultiIndex named = mi.set_names(new_names);
14520
14521            bool passed = (named.names()[0] == "level_a" && named.names()[1] == "level_b");
14522
14523            if (!passed) {
14524                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : names not set correctly" << std::endl;
14525                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_multiindex_set_names failed");
14526            }
14527
14528            std::cout << "-> tests passed" << std::endl;
14529        }
max (pd_test_1_all.cpp:771)
761        pandas::CategoricalArray arr = pandas::CategoricalArray::from_codes(codes, cats, true);  // ordered
762
763        // Test min
764        std::optional<std::string> min_val = arr.min();
765        if (!min_val.has_value() || *min_val != "low") {
766            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations() : min != 'low'" << std::endl;
767            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations failed: min != 'low'");
768        }
769
770        // Test max
771        std::optional<std::string> max_val = arr.max();
772        if (!max_val.has_value() || *max_val != "high") {
773            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations() : max != 'high'" << std::endl;
774            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations failed: max != 'high'");
775        }
776
777        // Test unordered throws for min/max
778        pandas::CategoricalArray unordered = arr.as_unordered();
779        bool threw = false;
780        try {
781            unordered.min();
min (pd_test_1_all.cpp:764)
754    }
755
756    void pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations() {
757        std::cout << "========= CategoricalArray: ordered operations (min/max) ======================= ";
758
759        std::vector<std::string> cats = {"low", "medium", "high"};
760        std::vector<numpy::int32> codes = {0, 2, 1, 0, -1};  // low, high, medium, low, NA
761        pandas::CategoricalArray arr = pandas::CategoricalArray::from_codes(codes, cats, true);  // ordered
762
763        // Test min
764        std::optional<std::string> min_val = arr.min();
765        if (!min_val.has_value() || *min_val != "low") {
766            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations() : min != 'low'" << std::endl;
767            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations failed: min != 'low'");
768        }
769
770        // Test max
771        std::optional<std::string> max_val = arr.max();
772        if (!max_val.has_value() || *max_val != "high") {
773            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations() : max != 'high'" << std::endl;
774            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_array_ordered_operations failed: max != 'high'");
groupby (pd_test_1_all.cpp:11495)
11485            std::cout << "========= GroupBy basic =========================";
11486
11487            // Create DataFrame with category column
11488            std::map<std::string, std::vector<double>> data = {
11489                {"category", {1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0}},
11490                {"value", {10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0}}
11491            };
11492            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
11493
11494            // Test groupby
11495            auto grouped = df.groupby("category");
11496
11497            bool passed = grouped.ngroups() == 2;
11498            if (!passed) {
11499                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_groupby_basic() : ngroups should be 2" << std::endl;
11500                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_groupby_basic failed: ngroups should be 2");
11501            }
11502
11503            std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
11504        }
groupby (pd_test_1_all.cpp:11495)
11485            std::cout << "========= GroupBy basic =========================";
11486
11487            // Create DataFrame with category column
11488            std::map<std::string, std::vector<double>> data = {
11489                {"category", {1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0}},
11490                {"value", {10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0}}
11491            };
11492            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
11493
11494            // Test groupby
11495            auto grouped = df.groupby("category");
11496
11497            bool passed = grouped.ngroups() == 2;
11498            if (!passed) {
11499                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_groupby_basic() : ngroups should be 2" << std::endl;
11500                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_groupby_basic failed: ngroups should be 2");
11501            }
11502
11503            std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
11504        }
map (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5839)
5829// Map Tests
5830// ============================================================================
5831
5832void pd_test_categorical_index_map() {
5833    std::cout << "========= map =========================================";
5834
5835    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"yes", "no", "yes"});
5836    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr);
5837
5838    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> mapping = {{"yes", "1"}, {"no", "0"}};
5839    pandas::CategoricalIndex mapped = idx.map(mapping);
5840
5841    bool passed = (mapped.has_category("1") && mapped.has_category("0") &&
5842                   !mapped.has_category("yes") && !mapped.has_category("no"));
5843    if (!passed) {
5844        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_index_map()" << std::endl;
5845        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_index_map failed");
5846    }
5847
5848    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5849}
subtype_override (pd_test_3_all.cpp:24889)
24879    return dataframe_tests_bdate_timedelta_range::pd_test_bdate_timedelta_range_main();
24880}
24881// ------------------- pd_test_bdate_timedelta_range (end) ---------------------------
24882
24883// ------------------- pd_test_interval_type_inference (begin) ---------------------------
24884namespace dataframe_tests_interval_type_inference {
24885
24886void pd_test_interval_type_inference_breaks_int() {
24887    std::cout << "========= interval_type_inference_breaks_int ======================= ";
24888    auto idx = pandas::IntervalIndex<double>::from_breaks({0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0});
24889    if (idx.subtype_override() != "int64")
24890        throw std::runtime_error("expected subtype_override 'int64', got '" + idx.subtype_override() + "'");
24891    std::string dtype = idx.dtype_name();
24892    if (dtype.find("int64") == std::string::npos)
24893        throw std::runtime_error("expected dtype containing 'int64', got '" + dtype + "'");
24894    std::string fmt = idx.format_interval(0);
24895    if (fmt.find('.') != std::string::npos)
24896        throw std::runtime_error("expected integer format without decimal, got '" + fmt + "'");
24897    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
24898}
left (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1909)
1899    if (empty.size() != 0) {
1900        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : default constructor size" << std::endl;
1901        return;
1902    }
1903    if (empty.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
1904        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : default closure" << std::endl;
1905        return;
1906    }
1907
1908    // Constructor from left/right arrays
1909    numpy::NDArray<numpy::float64> left(std::vector<size_t>{3});
1910    numpy::NDArray<numpy::float64> right(std::vector<size_t>{3});
1911    left.setElementAt({0}, 0.0);  right.setElementAt({0}, 1.0);
1912    left.setElementAt({1}, 1.0);  right.setElementAt({1}, 2.0);
1913    left.setElementAt({2}, 2.0);  right.setElementAt({2}, 3.0);
1914
1915    pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64 arr1(left, right);
1916    if (arr1.size() != 3) {
1917        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : array size" << std::endl;
1918        return;
1919    }
length (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2137)
2127    auto mid0 = mid_arr[0];
2128    auto mid1 = mid_arr[1];
2129    auto mid2 = mid_arr[2];
2130    if (!mid0.has_value() || std::abs(mid0.value() - 1.0) > 1e-10 ||
2131        !mid1.has_value() || std::abs(mid1.value() - 3.5) > 1e-10 ||
2132        !mid2.has_value() || std::abs(mid2.value() - 7.5) > 1e-10) {
2133        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_left_right_mid_length() : mid()" << std::endl;
2134        return;
2135    }
2136
2137    // Test length()
2138    auto len_arr = arr.length();
2139    if (len_arr.getElementAt({0}) != 2.0 ||
2140        len_arr.getElementAt({1}) != 3.0 ||
2141        len_arr.getElementAt({2}) != 5.0) {
2142        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_left_right_mid_length() : length()" << std::endl;
2143        return;
2144    }
2145
2146    std::cout << "-> tests passed" << std::endl;
2147}
searchsorted (pd_test_1_all.cpp:18958)
18948    // =========================================================================
18949    // Search Tests
18950    // =========================================================================
18951
18952    void pd_test_range_index_searchsorted() {
18953        std::cout << "========= searchsorted ================================ ";
18954
18955        pandas::RangeIndex ri(0, 10, 2);  // [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
18956
18957        bool passed = (ri.searchsorted(4, "left") == 2 &&
18958                      ri.searchsorted(4, "right") == 3 &&
18959                      ri.searchsorted(3, "left") == 2 &&   // 3 would go between 2 and 4
18960                      ri.searchsorted(-1, "left") == 0 &&  // Before all
18961                      ri.searchsorted(10, "left") == 5);   // After all
18962
18963        if (!passed) {
18964            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : searchsorted" << std::endl;
18965            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_range_index_searchsorted failed");
18966        }
to_frame (pd_test_3_all.cpp:4931)
4921    size_t usage = mi.memory_usage(true);
4922    if (usage == 0) {
4923        throw std::runtime_error("memory_usage() should return > 0");
4924    }
4925
4926    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
4927}
4928
4929void pd_test_3_all_multiindex_to_frame() {
4930    std::cout << "========= MultiIndex.to_frame() =======================";
4931
4932    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> arrays = {{"a", "b"}, {"x", "y"}};
4933    std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> names = {"first", "second"};
4934    pandas::MultiIndex mi = pandas::MultiIndex::from_arrays<std::string>(arrays, names);
4935
4936    auto frame = mi.to_frame();
4937    if (frame.find("first") == frame.end() || frame.find("second") == frame.end()) {
4938        throw std::runtime_error("to_frame() missing columns");
4939    }
transpose (pd_test_1_all.cpp:16648)
16638                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_ndframe_transpose() : T_() size" << std::endl;
16639                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_ndframe_transpose failed: T_() size");
16640            }
16641
16642            passed = transposed[0] == 1 && transposed[1] == 2 && transposed[2] == 3;
16643            if (!passed) {
16644                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_ndframe_transpose() : T_() values" << std::endl;
16645                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_ndframe_transpose failed: T_() values");
16646            }
16647
16648            // Test transpose() alias
16649            auto transposed2 = s.transpose();
16650            passed = transposed2.size() == s.size();
16651            if (!passed) {
16652                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_ndframe_transpose() : transpose() size" << std::endl;
16653                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_ndframe_transpose failed: transpose() size");
16654            }
16655
16656            std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
16657        }
join (pd_test_1_all.cpp:12353)
12343            std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12344        }
12345
12346        void pd_test_index_join() {
12347            std::cout << "========= join ========================================";
12348
12349            pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx1{1, 2, 3};
12350            pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx2{2, 3, 4};
12351
12352            auto [inner_joined, left_idx, right_idx] = idx1.join(idx2, "inner");
12353            bool passed = (inner_joined.size() == 2);  // {2, 3}
12354
12355            auto [outer_joined, ol_idx, or_idx] = idx1.join(idx2, "outer");
12356            passed = passed && (outer_joined.size() == 4);  // {1, 2, 3, 4}
12357
12358            if (!passed) {
12359                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_index_join() : join failed" << std::endl;
12360                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_index_join failed");
12361            }
asof (pd_test_2_all.cpp:366)
356        std::cout << "====================================== [OK] pd_test_add_prefix test suite ========================== " << std::endl;
357        return 0;
358    }
359
360} // namespace dataframe_tests
361// ------------------- pd_test_add_prefix.cpp (end) -----------------------------
362
363// ------------------- pd_test_asof.cpp (start) -----------------------------
364// dataframe_tests/pd_test_asof.cpp
365// Test for DataFrame.asof() method
366
367#include <iostream>
368#include <cmath>
369#include <stdexcept>
370#include <limits>
371#include "../pandas/pd_dataframe.h"
372
373// CRITICAL: No using namespace directives
374
375namespace dataframe_tests {
asof_locs (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3557)
3547        throw std::runtime_error("all() should be true for empty index");
3548    }
3549    if (empty_idx.any()) {
3550        throw std::runtime_error("any() should be false for empty index");
3551    }
3552
3553    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3554}
3555
3556void pd_test_3_all_index_asof() {
3557    std::cout << "========= Index.asof()/asof_locs() =================";
3558
3559    // Test with monotonically increasing index
3560    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx({10, 20, 30, 40, 50});
3561
3562    // Exact match
3563    auto result = idx.asof(30);
3564    if (!result.has_value() || result.value() != 30) {
3565        throw std::runtime_error("asof() exact match should return 30");
3566    }
diff (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5171)
5161        }
5162
5163        void pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift() {
5164            std::cout << "========= DataFrame diff/shift ==================";
5165
5166            std::map<std::string, std::vector<double>> data;
5167            data["A"] = {1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0};
5168            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
5169
5170            // diff: [NaN, 2, 3, 4]
5171            auto d = df.diff();
5172            std::string val = d["A"].get_value_str(1);
5173            bool passed = std::abs(std::stod(val) - 2.0) < 0.001;
5174            if (!passed) {
5175                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift() : diff failed" << std::endl;
5176                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift failed: diff failed");
5177            }
5178
5179            // First element should be NaN
5180            val = d["A"].get_value_str(0);
5181            passed = std::isnan(std::stod(val));
shift (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5188)
5178            // First element should be NaN
5179            val = d["A"].get_value_str(0);
5180            passed = std::isnan(std::stod(val));
5181            if (!passed) {
5182                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift() : diff NaN failed" << std::endl;
5183                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift failed: diff NaN failed");
5184            }
5185
5186            // shift: [NaN, 1, 3, 6]
5187            auto s = df.shift();
5188            val = s["A"].get_value_str(1);
5189            passed = std::abs(std::stod(val) - 1.0) < 0.001;
5190            if (!passed) {
5191                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift() : shift failed" << std::endl;
5192                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_arithmetic_dataframe_diff_shift failed: shift failed");
5193            }
5194
5195            std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5196        }
to_flat_index (pd_test_1_all.cpp:14733)
14723        void pd_test_multiindex_to_flat_index() {
14724            std::cout << "========= to_flat_index =============================== ";
14725
14726            std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> arrays = {
14727                {"a", "b"},
14728                {"x", "y"}
14729            };
14730
14731            pandas::MultiIndex mi = pandas::MultiIndex::from_arrays<std::string>(arrays);
14732            auto flat = mi.to_flat_index();
14733
14734            bool passed = (flat.size() == 2 &&
14735                          flat[0][0] == "a" && flat[0][1] == "x" &&
14736                          flat[1][0] == "b" && flat[1][1] == "y");
14737
14738            if (!passed) {
14739                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : to_flat_index incorrect" << std::endl;
14740                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_multiindex_to_flat_index failed");
14741            }
to_numpy (pd_test_1_all.cpp:16764)
16754        // =====================================================================
16755        // to_numpy Tests
16756        // =====================================================================
16757
16758        void pd_test_ndframe_to_numpy() {
16759            std::cout << "========= to_numpy =============================================" << std::endl;
16760
16761            pandas::Series<int> s({10, 20, 30});
16762
16763            auto arr = s.to_numpy();
16764
16765            bool passed = arr.getSize() == 3;
16766            if (!passed) {
16767                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_ndframe_to_numpy() : size" << std::endl;
16768                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_ndframe_to_numpy failed: size");
16769            }
16770
16771            passed = arr.getElementAt({0}) == 10 && arr.getElementAt({1}) == 20 && arr.getElementAt({2}) == 30;
16772            if (!passed) {
16773                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_ndframe_to_numpy() : values" << std::endl;
to_series (pd_test_3_all.cpp:5788)
5778        throw std::runtime_error("to_frame use_index should be false when index=false");
5779    }
5780    if (frame3.column_name != "0") {
5781        throw std::runtime_error("to_frame column_name should be '0' when no name");
5782    }
5783
5784    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5785}
5786
5787void pd_test_3_all_period_index_to_series() {
5788    std::cout << "========= PeriodIndex.to_series() =====================";
5789
5790    pandas::PeriodIndex idx = make_period_index({1, 2, 3}, "M").rename("periods");
5791
5792    // Test to_series() with default parameters
5793    pandas::PeriodIndex::SeriesData series = idx.to_series();
5794
5795    // values should have same size
5796    if (series.values.size() != 3) {
5797        throw std::runtime_error("to_series values size should be 3");
5798    }
to_string (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2693)
2683        pandas::PeriodArray arr_m(std::vector<std::string>{
2684            "2020-01",
2685            "NaT",
2686            "2025-06"
2687        }, "M");
2688
2689        // Year
2690        auto years = arr_m.year();
2691        auto y0 = years[0];
2692        if (!y0.has_value() || y0.value() != 2020) {
2693            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : year[0] should be 2020, got " << (y0.has_value() ? std::to_string(y0.value()) : "NA") << std::endl;
2694            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_period_array_year_month_quarter failed: year[0]");
2695        }
2696
2697        auto y1 = years[1];
2698        if (y1.has_value()) {
2699            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : year[1] should be NA (NaT)" << std::endl;
2700            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_period_array_year_month_quarter failed: year[1] should be NA");
2701        }
2702
2703        auto y2 = years[2];
to_tuples (pd_test_1_all.cpp:13037)
13027    }
13028
13029    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
13030}
13031
13032void pd_test_interval_index_to_tuples() {
13033    std::cout << "========= to_tuples =========================";
13034
13035    auto idx = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2, 3});
13036
13037    auto tuples = idx.to_tuples();
13038
13039    bool passed = (tuples.size() == 3 &&
13040                   tuples[0].has_value() && tuples[0]->first == 0 && tuples[0]->second == 1 &&
13041                   tuples[1].has_value() && tuples[1]->first == 1 && tuples[1]->second == 2 &&
13042                   tuples[2].has_value() && tuples[2]->first == 2 && tuples[2]->second == 3);
13043    if (!passed) {
13044        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_interval_index_to_tuples() : check failed" << std::endl;
13045        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_interval_index_to_tuples failed");
13046    }
tolist (pd_test_3_all.cpp:2300)
2290        threw = true;
2291    }
2292    if (!threw) {
2293        throw std::runtime_error("swapaxes should throw for invalid axes");
2294    }
2295
2296    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
2297}
2298
2299void pd_test_3_all_categorical_to_list() {
2300    std::cout << "========= CategoricalArray.to_list()/tolist() =========";
2301
2302    std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> values = {"a", "b", std::nullopt, "c"};
2303    pandas::CategoricalArray arr(values);
2304
2305    auto list = arr.to_list();
2306    if (list.size() != 4 || *list[0] != "a" || *list[1] != "b" ||
2307        list[2].has_value() || *list[3] != "c") {
2308        throw std::runtime_error("to_list failed");
2309    }
astype (pd_test_1_all.cpp:21292)
21282            std::cout << "========= astype all columns to float64 =============";
21283
21284            // Create DataFrame with int64 columns
21285            std::map<std::string, std::vector<numpy::int64>> data;
21286            data["A"] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
21287            data["B"] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
21288
21289            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
21290
21291            // Convert all columns to float64
21292            pandas::DataFrame df_float = df.astype("float64");
21293
21294            // Verify dtype changed
21295            pandas::Series<std::string> dtypes = df_float.dtypes();
21296
21297            bool passed = true;
21298            if (dtypes[static_cast<size_t>(0)] != "float64") {
21299                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_astype_all_columns_to_float64() : column A dtype is " << dtypes[static_cast<size_t>(0)] << ", expected float64" << std::endl;
21300                passed = false;
21301            }
21302            if (dtypes[static_cast<size_t>(1)] != "float64") {
copy (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5798)
5788// ============================================================================
5789// Copy/Rename Tests
5790// ============================================================================
5791
5792void pd_test_categorical_index_copy() {
5793    std::cout << "========= copy ========================================";
5794
5795    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"a", "b", "c"});
5796    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr, "original");
5797
5798    pandas::CategoricalIndex copied = idx.copy();
5799
5800    bool passed = (copied.size() == idx.size() && copied.name() == idx.name() &&
5801                   copied.categories() == idx.categories() && copied.ordered() == idx.ordered());
5802    if (!passed) {
5803        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_index_copy()" << std::endl;
5804        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_index_copy failed");
5805    }
5806
5807    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5808}
infer_objects (pd_test_1_all.cpp:27595)
27585            // Create DataFrame with string column containing integers
27586            std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> data;
27587            data["A"] = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"};
27588
27589            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
27590
27591            // Before inference, dtype should be string/object
27592            std::string before_dtype = df["A"].dtype_name();
27593
27594            // Apply infer_objects
27595            pandas::DataFrame result = df.infer_objects();
27596
27597            // After inference, dtype should be int64
27598            std::string after_dtype = result["A"].dtype_name();
27599
27600            bool passed = (after_dtype == "int64");
27601            if (!passed) {
27602                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_infer_objects_integer_column() : expected int64, got " << after_dtype << std::endl;
27603                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_infer_objects_integer_column failed");
27604            }
view (pd_test_3_all.cpp:2147)
2137        throw std::runtime_error("memory_usage shallow too small");
2138    }
2139    if (deep < shallow) {
2140        throw std::runtime_error("memory_usage deep should be >= shallow");
2141    }
2142
2143    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
2144}
2145
2146void pd_test_3_all_categorical_ravel_view() {
2147    std::cout << "========= CategoricalArray.ravel()/view() =============";
2148
2149    std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> values = {"a", "b", "c"};
2150    pandas::CategoricalArray arr(values);
2151
2152    auto raveled = arr.ravel();
2153    if (raveled.size() != 3 || !raveled.equals(arr)) {
2154        throw std::runtime_error("ravel failed");
2155    }
2156
2157    auto viewed = arr.view();
duplicated (pd_test_1_all.cpp:10583)
10573    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
10574}
10575
10576void pd_test_extension_index_duplicated() {
10577    std::cout << "========= duplicated =========================";
10578
10579    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"a", "b", "a", "c", "a"});
10580    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr);
10581
10582    auto dup_mask = idx.duplicated("first");
10583
10584    bool passed = (dup_mask.getElementAt({0}) == false &&
10585                   dup_mask.getElementAt({1}) == false &&
10586                   dup_mask.getElementAt({2}) == true &&
10587                   dup_mask.getElementAt({3}) == false &&
10588                   dup_mask.getElementAt({4}) == true);
10589    if (!passed) {
10590        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_extension_index_duplicated() : duplicated check failed" << std::endl;
10591        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_extension_index_duplicated failed");
10592    }
union_ (pd_test_1_all.cpp:10694)
10684    std::cout << "========= union =========================";
10685
10686    // Use same categories for both arrays
10687    std::vector<std::string> cats = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
10688    pandas::CategoricalArray arr1({"a", "b", "c"}, cats);
10689    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx1(arr1);
10690
10691    pandas::CategoricalArray arr2({"b", "c", "d", "e"}, cats);
10692    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx2(arr2);
10693
10694    auto uni = idx1.union_(idx2);
10695
10696    bool passed = (uni.size() == 5 &&
10697                   uni.contains("a") && uni.contains("b") && uni.contains("c") &&
10698                   uni.contains("d") && uni.contains("e"));
10699    if (!passed) {
10700        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_extension_index_union() : union check failed" << std::endl;
10701        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_extension_index_union failed");
10702    }
10703
10704    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
unique (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1345)
1335        pandas::DatetimeArray arr(std::vector<std::string>{
1336            "2023-01-01",
1337            "2023-06-15",
1338            "2023-01-01",
1339            "NaT",
1340            "2023-06-15",
1341            "NaT"
1342        });
1343
1344        // unique
1345        auto uniq = arr.unique();
1346        // Should have: NaT, 2023-01-01, 2023-06-15 (3 unique values)
1347        if (uniq.size() != 3) {
1348            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : unique size should be 3, got " << uniq.size() << std::endl;
1349            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_unique failed: size");
1350        }
1351
1352        // factorize
1353        auto [codes, uniques] = arr.factorize();
1354        // Codes for NaT should be -1
1355        if (codes.getElementAt({3}) != -1) {
is_ (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3972)
3962    // For typed Index, this is a no-op
3963    if (result.size() != 5) {
3964        throw std::runtime_error("infer_objects size should be 5");
3965    }
3966
3967    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3968}
3969
3970void pd_test_3_all_index_is_() {
3971    std::cout << "========= Index.is_() ==============================";
3972
3973    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx1({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
3974    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx2({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});  // Different object
3975
3976    // Different objects should not be the same
3977    if (idx1.is_(idx2)) {
3978        throw std::runtime_error("different objects should not be is_() equal");
3979    }
3980
3981    // Same object should be the same
is_boolean (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3290)
3280    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3281}
3282
3283void pd_test_3_all_datetime_index_type_checks() {
3284    std::cout << "========= DatetimeIndex type checks ======================";
3285
3286    pandas::DatetimeIndex idx = pandas::date_range("2024-01-01", "2024-01-05", std::nullopt, "D");
3287
3288    // Type check methods
3289    if (idx.is_boolean()) {
3290        throw std::runtime_error("is_boolean() should be false");
3291    }
3292    if (idx.is_categorical()) {
3293        throw std::runtime_error("is_categorical() should be false");
3294    }
3295    if (idx.is_floating()) {
3296        throw std::runtime_error("is_floating() should be false");
3297    }
3298    if (idx.is_integer()) {
3299        throw std::runtime_error("is_integer() should be false");
is_categorical (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3293)
3283void pd_test_3_all_datetime_index_type_checks() {
3284    std::cout << "========= DatetimeIndex type checks ======================";
3285
3286    pandas::DatetimeIndex idx = pandas::date_range("2024-01-01", "2024-01-05", std::nullopt, "D");
3287
3288    // Type check methods
3289    if (idx.is_boolean()) {
3290        throw std::runtime_error("is_boolean() should be false");
3291    }
3292    if (idx.is_categorical()) {
3293        throw std::runtime_error("is_categorical() should be false");
3294    }
3295    if (idx.is_floating()) {
3296        throw std::runtime_error("is_floating() should be false");
3297    }
3298    if (idx.is_integer()) {
3299        throw std::runtime_error("is_integer() should be false");
3300    }
3301    if (idx.is_interval()) {
3302        throw std::runtime_error("is_interval() should be false");
is_empty (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2164)
2154    // Test with right-closed intervals (a, b]
2155    std::vector<std::pair<numpy::float64, numpy::float64>> tuples = {
2156        {0.0, 1.0},   // Not empty
2157        {1.0, 1.0},   // Empty (1, 1] has no points
2158        {2.0, 2.0},   // Empty
2159        {2.0, 3.0}    // Not empty
2160    };
2161
2162    auto arr_right = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_tuples(tuples, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2163    auto empty_right = arr_right.is_empty();
2164
2165    if (empty_right[0].value_or(true) != false ||
2166        empty_right[1].value_or(false) != true ||
2167        empty_right[2].value_or(false) != true ||
2168        empty_right[3].value_or(true) != false) {
2169        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_is_empty() : right-closed" << std::endl;
2170        return;
2171    }
2172
2173    // Test with both-closed intervals [a, b] - [1, 1] is NOT empty
is_floating (pd_test_3_all.cpp:622)
612    // Test with integer index
613    pandas::IndexDtype<numpy::int64> int_dtype;
614    if (!int_dtype.is_numeric()) {
615        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be numeric" << std::endl;
616        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_numeric");
617    }
618    if (!int_dtype.is_integer()) {
619        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be integer" << std::endl;
620        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_integer");
621    }
622    if (int_dtype.is_floating()) {
623        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be floating" << std::endl;
624        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_floating");
625    }
626    if (int_dtype.is_object()) {
627        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be object" << std::endl;
628        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_object");
629    }
630
631    // Test with float index
632    pandas::IndexDtype<double> float_dtype;
is_integer (pd_test_3_all.cpp:618)
608void pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() {
609    std::cout << "========= IndexDtype.is_numeric/integer/floating/object() ";
610
611    // Test with integer index
612    pandas::IndexDtype<numpy::int64> int_dtype;
613    if (!int_dtype.is_numeric()) {
614        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be numeric" << std::endl;
615        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_numeric");
616    }
617    if (!int_dtype.is_integer()) {
618        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be integer" << std::endl;
619        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_integer");
620    }
621    if (int_dtype.is_floating()) {
622        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be floating" << std::endl;
623        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_floating");
624    }
625    if (int_dtype.is_object()) {
626        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be object" << std::endl;
627        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_object");
is_interval (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3302)
3292    }
3293    if (idx.is_categorical()) {
3294        throw std::runtime_error("is_categorical() should be false");
3295    }
3296    if (idx.is_floating()) {
3297        throw std::runtime_error("is_floating() should be false");
3298    }
3299    if (idx.is_integer()) {
3300        throw std::runtime_error("is_integer() should be false");
3301    }
3302    if (idx.is_interval()) {
3303        throw std::runtime_error("is_interval() should be false");
3304    }
3305    if (idx.is_numeric()) {
3306        throw std::runtime_error("is_numeric() should be false");
3307    }
3308    if (idx.is_object()) {
3309        throw std::runtime_error("is_object() should be false");
3310    }
3311    if (idx.holds_integer()) {
3312        throw std::runtime_error("holds_integer() should be false");
is_left_closed (pd_test_1_all.cpp:12830)
12820}
12821
12822void pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed() {
12823    std::cout << "========= is_left_closed/is_right_closed =========================";
12824
12825    auto idx_right = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
12826    auto idx_left = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Left);
12827    auto idx_both = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Both);
12828    auto idx_neither = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Neither);
12829
12830    bool passed = (!idx_right.is_left_closed() && idx_right.is_right_closed() &&
12831                   idx_left.is_left_closed() && !idx_left.is_right_closed() &&
12832                   idx_both.is_left_closed() && idx_both.is_right_closed() &&
12833                   !idx_neither.is_left_closed() && !idx_neither.is_right_closed());
12834    if (!passed) {
12835        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed() : check failed" << std::endl;
12836        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed failed");
12837    }
12838
12839    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12840}
is_non_overlapping_monotonic (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2457)
2447// ============================================================================
2448// Test: is_non_overlapping_monotonic
2449// ============================================================================
2450void test_is_non_overlapping_monotonic() {
2451    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: is_non_overlapping_monotonic ======================= ";
2452
2453    // Monotonic, non-overlapping
2454    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks1 = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0};
2455    auto arr1 = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks1, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2456    if (!arr1.is_non_overlapping_monotonic()) {
2457        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_is_non_overlapping_monotonic() : should be true for breaks" << std::endl;
2458        return;
2459    }
2460
2461    // Non-monotonic (out of order)
2462    std::vector<std::pair<numpy::float64, numpy::float64>> tuples2 = {
2463        {2.0, 3.0}, {0.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 2.0}
2464    };
2465    auto arr2 = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_tuples(tuples2);
2466    if (arr2.is_non_overlapping_monotonic()) {
is_numeric (pd_test_3_all.cpp:614)
604// ============================================================================
605// Category 4: Index Type Checking (IndexDtype)
606// ============================================================================
607
608void pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() {
609    std::cout << "========= IndexDtype.is_numeric/integer/floating/object() ";
610
611    // Test with integer index
612    pandas::IndexDtype<numpy::int64> int_dtype;
613    if (!int_dtype.is_numeric()) {
614        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be numeric" << std::endl;
615        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_numeric");
616    }
617    if (!int_dtype.is_integer()) {
618        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be integer" << std::endl;
619        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_integer");
620    }
621    if (int_dtype.is_floating()) {
622        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be floating" << std::endl;
623        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_floating");
is_object (pd_test_3_all.cpp:626)
616        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_numeric");
617    }
618    if (!int_dtype.is_integer()) {
619        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should be integer" << std::endl;
620        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_integer");
621    }
622    if (int_dtype.is_floating()) {
623        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be floating" << std::endl;
624        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_floating");
625    }
626    if (int_dtype.is_object()) {
627        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : int should not be object" << std::endl;
628        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: int is_object");
629    }
630
631    // Test with float index
632    pandas::IndexDtype<double> float_dtype;
633    if (!float_dtype.is_numeric()) {
634        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks() : float should be numeric" << std::endl;
635        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_dtype_checks failed: float is_numeric");
636    }
is_overlapping (pd_test_1_all.cpp:12891)
12881    std::cout << "========= is_overlapping =========================";
12882
12883    // Non-overlapping intervals
12884    auto idx1 = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2, 3});
12885
12886    // Overlapping intervals: [0,5], [3,8]
12887    std::vector<numpy::int64> left_vals = {0, 3};
12888    std::vector<numpy::int64> right_vals = {5, 8};
12889    auto idx2 = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_arrays(left_vals, right_vals, pandas::IntervalClosed::Both);
12890
12891    bool passed = (!idx1.is_overlapping() && idx2.is_overlapping());
12892    if (!passed) {
12893        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_interval_index_is_overlapping() : check failed" << std::endl;
12894        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_interval_index_is_overlapping failed");
12895    }
12896
12897    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12898}
12899
12900void pd_test_interval_index_is_non_overlapping_monotonic() {
12901    std::cout << "========= is_non_overlapping_monotonic =========================";
is_right_closed (pd_test_1_all.cpp:12830)
12820}
12821
12822void pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed() {
12823    std::cout << "========= is_left_closed/is_right_closed =========================";
12824
12825    auto idx_right = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
12826    auto idx_left = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Left);
12827    auto idx_both = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Both);
12828    auto idx_neither = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Neither);
12829
12830    bool passed = (!idx_right.is_left_closed() && idx_right.is_right_closed() &&
12831                   idx_left.is_left_closed() && !idx_left.is_right_closed() &&
12832                   idx_both.is_left_closed() && idx_both.is_right_closed() &&
12833                   !idx_neither.is_left_closed() && !idx_neither.is_right_closed());
12834    if (!passed) {
12835        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed() : check failed" << std::endl;
12836        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed failed");
12837    }
12838
12839    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12840}
all (pd_test_1_all.cpp:247)
237        pandas::BooleanArray has_true({
238            std::optional<bool>(false),
239            std::optional<bool>(true)
240        });
241        any_result = has_true.any();
242        if (!any_result.has_value() || !any_result.value()) {
243            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_reductions() : any() with True" << std::endl;
244            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_reductions failed: any() with True");
245        }
246
247        // Test all()
248        pandas::BooleanArray all_true({
249            std::optional<bool>(true),
250            std::optional<bool>(true)
251        });
252        auto all_result = all_true.all();
253        if (!all_result.has_value() || !all_result.value()) {
254            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_reductions() : all() of all True" << std::endl;
255            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_reductions failed: all() all True");
256        }
any (pd_test_1_all.cpp:226)
216            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_kleene_not() : ~NA should be NA" << std::endl;
217            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_kleene_not failed: ~NA");
218        }
219
220        std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
221    }
222
223    void pd_test_boolean_array_reductions() {
224        std::cout << "========= BooleanArray: reductions ======================= ";
225
226        // Test any()
227        pandas::BooleanArray all_false({
228            std::optional<bool>(false),
229            std::optional<bool>(false)
230        });
231        auto any_result = all_false.any();
232        if (!any_result.has_value() || any_result.value()) {
233            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_reductions() : any() of all False" << std::endl;
234            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_reductions failed: any() all False");
235        }
argmax (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1323)
1313        }
1314
1315        // argmin
1316        auto min_idx = arr.argmin();
1317        if (!min_idx.has_value() || min_idx.value() != 2) {
1318            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : argmin should be 2 (2023-01-01)" << std::endl;
1319            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_sorting failed: argmin");
1320        }
1321
1322        // argmax
1323        auto max_idx = arr.argmax();
1324        if (!max_idx.has_value() || max_idx.value() != 3) {
1325            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : argmax should be 3 (2023-12-31)" << std::endl;
1326            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_sorting failed: argmax");
1327        }
1328
1329        std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
1330    }
1331
1332    void pd_test_datetime_array_unique() {
1333        std::cout << "========= DatetimeArray: unique/factorize ======================= ";
argmin (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1316)
1306        if (indices.getElementAt({0}) != 2) {
1307            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : argsort: first should be index 2 (2023-01-01)" << std::endl;
1308            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_sorting failed: argsort first");
1309        }
1310        if (indices.getElementAt({3}) != 1) {
1311            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : argsort: last should be index 1 (NaT)" << std::endl;
1312            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_sorting failed: NaT position");
1313        }
1314
1315        // argmin
1316        auto min_idx = arr.argmin();
1317        if (!min_idx.has_value() || min_idx.value() != 2) {
1318            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : argmin should be 2 (2023-01-01)" << std::endl;
1319            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_sorting failed: argmin");
1320        }
1321
1322        // argmax
1323        auto max_idx = arr.argmax();
1324        if (!max_idx.has_value() || max_idx.value() != 3) {
1325            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : argmax should be 3 (2023-12-31)" << std::endl;
1326            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_datetime_array_sorting failed: argmax");
arr (pd_test_1_all.cpp:45)
35            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_constructors() : initializer_list size != 4" << std::endl;
36            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_constructors failed: initializer_list size != 4");
37        }
38
39        std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
40    }
41
42    void pd_test_boolean_array_na_handling() {
43        std::cout << "========= BooleanArray: NA handling ======================= ";
44
45        pandas::BooleanArray arr({
46            std::optional<bool>(true),
47            std::nullopt,  // NA at index 1
48            std::optional<bool>(false)
49        });
50
51        if (!arr.is_na(1)) {
52            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_na_handling() : is_na(1) should be true" << std::endl;
53            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_na_handling failed: is_na(1) should be true");
54        }
arr (pd_test_1_all.cpp:45)
35            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_constructors() : initializer_list size != 4" << std::endl;
36            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_constructors failed: initializer_list size != 4");
37        }
38
39        std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
40    }
41
42    void pd_test_boolean_array_na_handling() {
43        std::cout << "========= BooleanArray: NA handling ======================= ";
44
45        pandas::BooleanArray arr({
46            std::optional<bool>(true),
47            std::nullopt,  // NA at index 1
48            std::optional<bool>(false)
49        });
50
51        if (!arr.is_na(1)) {
52            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_boolean_array_na_handling() : is_na(1) should be true" << std::endl;
53            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_boolean_array_na_handling failed: is_na(1) should be true");
54        }
clone (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5776)
5766    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5767}
5768
5769void pd_test_categorical_index_clone() {
5770    std::cout << "========= clone =======================================";
5771
5772    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"p", "q", "r"});
5773    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr, "original");
5774
5775    std::unique_ptr<pandas::IndexBase> cloned = idx.clone();
5776
5777    bool passed = (cloned != nullptr && cloned->size() == idx.size() &&
5778                   cloned->name() == idx.name());
5779    if (!passed) {
5780        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_index_clone()" << std::endl;
5781        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_index_clone failed");
5782    }
5783
5784    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5785}
closed (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1903)
1893// ============================================================================
1894void test_constructors() {
1895    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: constructors ======================= ";
1896
1897    // Default constructor
1898    pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64 empty;
1899    if (empty.size() != 0) {
1900        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : default constructor size" << std::endl;
1901        return;
1902    }
1903    if (empty.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
1904        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : default closure" << std::endl;
1905        return;
1906    }
1907
1908    // Constructor from left/right arrays
1909    numpy::NDArray<numpy::float64> left(std::vector<size_t>{3});
1910    numpy::NDArray<numpy::float64> right(std::vector<size_t>{3});
1911    left.setElementAt({0}, 0.0);  right.setElementAt({0}, 1.0);
1912    left.setElementAt({1}, 1.0);  right.setElementAt({1}, 2.0);
1913    left.setElementAt({2}, 2.0);  right.setElementAt({2}, 3.0);
closed_string (pd_test_1_all.cpp:12813)
12803    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12804}
12805
12806void pd_test_interval_index_closed_string() {
12807    std::cout << "========= closed_string =========================";
12808
12809    auto idx_right = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
12810    auto idx_left = pandas::IntervalIndex64::from_breaks({0, 1, 2}, pandas::IntervalClosed::Left);
12811
12812    bool passed = (idx_right.closed_string() == "right" && idx_left.closed_string() == "left");
12813    if (!passed) {
12814        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_interval_index_closed_string() : closed_string check failed" << std::endl;
12815        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_interval_index_closed_string failed");
12816    }
12817
12818    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
12819}
12820
12821void pd_test_interval_index_is_left_right_closed() {
12822    std::cout << "========= is_left_closed/is_right_closed =========================";
contains (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2200)
2190// Test: contains method
2191// ============================================================================
2192void test_contains() {
2193    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: contains ======================= ";
2194
2195    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0};
2196
2197    // Right-closed intervals: (0, 1], (1, 2], (2, 3]
2198    auto arr_right = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2199
2200    // Test contains(1.0) - should be in interval 0 but not 1 (since 1 is exclusive on left of interval 1)
2201    auto contains_1 = arr_right.contains(1.0);
2202    // (0, 1] contains 1: yes, (1, 2] contains 1: no (open on left), (2, 3] contains 1: no
2203    if (contains_1[0].value_or(false) != true ||
2204        contains_1[1].value_or(true) != false ||
2205        contains_1[2].value_or(true) != false) {
2206        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_contains() : right-closed contains 1.0" << std::endl;
2207        return;
2208    }
2209
2210    // Left-closed intervals: [0, 1), [1, 2), [2, 3)
contains (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2200)
2190// Test: contains method
2191// ============================================================================
2192void test_contains() {
2193    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: contains ======================= ";
2194
2195    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0};
2196
2197    // Right-closed intervals: (0, 1], (1, 2], (2, 3]
2198    auto arr_right = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2199
2200    // Test contains(1.0) - should be in interval 0 but not 1 (since 1 is exclusive on left of interval 1)
2201    auto contains_1 = arr_right.contains(1.0);
2202    // (0, 1] contains 1: yes, (1, 2] contains 1: no (open on left), (2, 3] contains 1: no
2203    if (contains_1[0].value_or(false) != true ||
2204        contains_1[1].value_or(true) != false ||
2205        contains_1[2].value_or(true) != false) {
2206        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_contains() : right-closed contains 1.0" << std::endl;
2207        return;
2208    }
2209
2210    // Left-closed intervals: [0, 1), [1, 2), [2, 3)
delete_ (pd_test_1_all.cpp:10501)
10491    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
10492}
10493
10494void pd_test_extension_index_delete() {
10495    std::cout << "========= delete_ =========================";
10496
10497    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"a", "b", "c", "d"});
10498    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr);
10499
10500    auto deleted = idx.delete_(1);
10501    auto v0 = deleted[0];
10502    auto v1 = deleted[1];
10503    auto v2 = deleted[2];
10504
10505    bool passed = (deleted.size() == 3 &&
10506                   v0.has_value() && *v0 == "a" &&
10507                   v1.has_value() && *v1 == "c" &&
10508                   v2.has_value() && *v2 == "d");
10509    if (!passed) {
10510        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_extension_index_delete() : delete_ check failed" << std::endl;
delete_ (pd_test_1_all.cpp:10501)
10491    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
10492}
10493
10494void pd_test_extension_index_delete() {
10495    std::cout << "========= delete_ =========================";
10496
10497    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"a", "b", "c", "d"});
10498    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr);
10499
10500    auto deleted = idx.delete_(1);
10501    auto v0 = deleted[0];
10502    auto v1 = deleted[1];
10503    auto v2 = deleted[2];
10504
10505    bool passed = (deleted.size() == 3 &&
10506                   v0.has_value() && *v0 == "a" &&
10507                   v1.has_value() && *v1 == "c" &&
10508                   v2.has_value() && *v2 == "d");
10509    if (!passed) {
10510        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_extension_index_delete() : delete_ check failed" << std::endl;
dtype_name (pd_test_1_all.cpp:10104)
10094}
10095
10096void pd_test_extension_index_array_constructor() {
10097    std::cout << "========= array constructor =========================";
10098
10099    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"apple", "banana", "apple", "cherry"});
10100    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr, "fruits");
10101
10102    bool passed = (idx.size() == 4 && !idx.empty() &&
10103                   idx.name().has_value() && *idx.name() == "fruits" &&
10104                   idx.dtype_name() == "category");
10105    if (!passed) {
10106        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_extension_index_array_constructor() : array constructor check failed" << std::endl;
10107        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_extension_index_array_constructor failed");
10108    }
10109
10110    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
10111}
10112
10113void pd_test_extension_index_copy_constructor() {
10114    std::cout << "========= copy constructor =========================";
format (main.cpp:20)
10int main() {
11  // Automatically log all output to temp/pd_test_output.log
12  numpy::TestLogger logger("temp/pd_test_output.log");
13
14  int res = 0;
15  int res1 = 0;
16  std::string resS = "";
17
18  // call all the tests
19  res1 = dataframe_tests::pd_test_main();
20  resS += std::format("             pd_test_main: {}  errors\n", res1);
21  res += res1;
22
23  std::cout << "\n------------------------- main --------------------------------------------\n";
24  std::cout << std::endl << "All tests completed. Nb errors = " << res << std::endl;
25  std::cout << "Details: \n" << resS;
26  std::cout << "\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
27  return res;
28}
format_interval (pd_test_3_all.cpp:24894)
24884namespace dataframe_tests_interval_type_inference {
24885
24886void pd_test_interval_type_inference_breaks_int() {
24887    std::cout << "========= interval_type_inference_breaks_int ======================= ";
24888    auto idx = pandas::IntervalIndex<double>::from_breaks({0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0});
24889    if (idx.subtype_override() != "int64")
24890        throw std::runtime_error("expected subtype_override 'int64', got '" + idx.subtype_override() + "'");
24891    std::string dtype = idx.dtype_name();
24892    if (dtype.find("int64") == std::string::npos)
24893        throw std::runtime_error("expected dtype containing 'int64', got '" + dtype + "'");
24894    std::string fmt = idx.format_interval(0);
24895    if (fmt.find('.') != std::string::npos)
24896        throw std::runtime_error("expected integer format without decimal, got '" + fmt + "'");
24897    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
24898}
24899
24900void pd_test_interval_type_inference_breaks_float() {
24901    std::cout << "========= interval_type_inference_breaks_float ===================== ";
24902    auto idx = pandas::IntervalIndex<double>::from_breaks({0.0, 1.5, 3.0});
24903    if (!idx.subtype_override().empty())
24904        throw std::runtime_error("expected empty subtype_override, got '" + idx.subtype_override() + "'");
holds_integer (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3311)
3301    }
3302    if (idx.is_interval()) {
3303        throw std::runtime_error("is_interval() should be false");
3304    }
3305    if (idx.is_numeric()) {
3306        throw std::runtime_error("is_numeric() should be false");
3307    }
3308    if (idx.is_object()) {
3309        throw std::runtime_error("is_object() should be false");
3310    }
3311    if (idx.holds_integer()) {
3312        throw std::runtime_error("holds_integer() should be false");
3313    }
3314
3315    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3316}
3317
3318void pd_test_3_all_datetime_index_sort() {
3319    std::cout << "========= DatetimeIndex.sort_values() ====================";
3320
3321    pandas::DatetimeIndex idx = pandas::date_range("2024-01-01", "2024-01-05", std::nullopt, "D");
inferred_type (pd_test_1_all.cpp:5270)
5260}
5261
5262void pd_test_categorical_index_array_constructor() {
5263    std::cout << "========= array constructor ===========================";
5264
5265    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"apple", "banana", "apple", "cherry"});
5266    pandas::CategoricalIndex idx(arr, "fruits");
5267
5268    bool passed = (idx.size() == 4 && !idx.empty() &&
5269                   idx.name().has_value() && *idx.name() == "fruits" &&
5270                   idx.inferred_type() == "categorical");
5271    if (!passed) {
5272        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_categorical_index_array_constructor()" << std::endl;
5273        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_categorical_index_array_constructor failed");
5274    }
5275
5276    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
5277}
5278
5279void pd_test_categorical_index_values_constructor() {
5280    std::cout << "========= values constructor ==========================";
item (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3712)
3702    // Test is_interval (always false for base Index)
3703    if (int_idx.is_interval()) {
3704        throw std::runtime_error("base Index should not be interval");
3705    }
3706
3707    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3708}
3709
3710void pd_test_3_all_index_item() {
3711    std::cout << "========= Index.item() =============================";
3712
3713    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx1({42});
3714    numpy::int64 val = idx1.item();
3715
3716    if (val != 42) {
3717        throw std::runtime_error("item() should return 42");
3718    }
3719
3720    // Test error for size != 1
3721    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx2({1, 2, 3});
memory_usage (pd_test_1_all.cpp:27063)
27053        }
27054
27055        std::cout << "====================================== [OK] pd_test_value_counts test suite ========================== " << std::endl;
27056        return 0;
27057    }
27058
27059} // namespace dataframe_tests
27060// ------------------- pd_test_value_counts.cpp (end) -----------------------------
27061
27062// ------------------- pd_test_memory_usage.cpp (start) -----------------------------
27063// Tests for DataFrame.memory_usage() - pandas-compatible memory usage reporting
27064
27065namespace dataframe_tests {
27066    namespace dataframe_tests_memory_usage {
27067
27068        void pd_test_memory_usage_basic() {
27069            std::cout << "========= basic memory_usage =======================";
27070
27071            // Create a simple DataFrame with multiple columns
27072            std::map<std::string, std::vector<double>> data;
27073            data["A"] = {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0};
mid (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2124)
2114    // Test right()
2115    auto right_arr = arr.right();
2116    if (right_arr.getElementAt({0}) != 2.0 ||
2117        right_arr.getElementAt({1}) != 5.0 ||
2118        right_arr.getElementAt({2}) != 10.0) {
2119        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_left_right_mid_length() : right()" << std::endl;
2120        return;
2121    }
2122
2123    // Test mid()
2124    auto mid_arr = arr.mid();
2125    // (0+2)/2=1, (2+5)/2=3.5, (5+10)/2=7.5
2126    auto mid0 = mid_arr[0];
2127    auto mid1 = mid_arr[1];
2128    auto mid2 = mid_arr[2];
2129    if (!mid0.has_value() || std::abs(mid0.value() - 1.0) > 1e-10 ||
2130        !mid1.has_value() || std::abs(mid1.value() - 3.5) > 1e-10 ||
2131        !mid2.has_value() || std::abs(mid2.value() - 7.5) > 1e-10) {
2132        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_left_right_mid_length() : mid()" << std::endl;
2133        return;
overlaps (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2244)
2234// Test: overlaps method
2235// ============================================================================
2236void test_overlaps() {
2237    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: overlaps ======================= ";
2238
2239    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0};
2240    // Right-closed: (0, 2], (2, 4], (4, 6]
2241    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2242
2243    // Check overlap with (1, 3]
2244    auto overlap_1_3 = arr.overlaps(1.0, 3.0);
2245    // (0, 2] overlaps (1, 3]? Yes (share 1-2)
2246    // (2, 4] overlaps (1, 3]? Yes (share 2-3)
2247    // (4, 6] overlaps (1, 3]? No
2248    if (overlap_1_3[0].value_or(false) != true ||
2249        overlap_1_3[1].value_or(false) != true ||
2250        overlap_1_3[2].value_or(true) != false) {
2251        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_overlaps() : overlaps (1, 3]" << std::endl;
2252        return;
2253    }
overlaps (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2244)
2234// Test: overlaps method
2235// ============================================================================
2236void test_overlaps() {
2237    std::cout << "========= IntervalArray: overlaps ======================= ";
2238
2239    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0};
2240    // Right-closed: (0, 2], (2, 4], (4, 6]
2241    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2242
2243    // Check overlap with (1, 3]
2244    auto overlap_1_3 = arr.overlaps(1.0, 3.0);
2245    // (0, 2] overlaps (1, 3]? Yes (share 1-2)
2246    // (2, 4] overlaps (1, 3]? Yes (share 2-3)
2247    // (4, 6] overlaps (1, 3]? No
2248    if (overlap_1_3[0].value_or(false) != true ||
2249        overlap_1_3[1].value_or(false) != true ||
2250        overlap_1_3[2].value_or(true) != false) {
2251        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_overlaps() : overlaps (1, 3]" << std::endl;
2252        return;
2253    }
putmask (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3752)
3742    // Should be at least sizeof index + 5 * sizeof(int64)
3743    if (usage < 5 * sizeof(numpy::int64)) {
3744        throw std::runtime_error("memory_usage too small");
3745    }
3746
3747    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3748}
3749
3750void pd_test_3_all_index_putmask() {
3751    std::cout << "========= Index.putmask() ==========================";
3752
3753    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
3754    numpy::NDArray<numpy::bool_> mask(std::vector<size_t>{5});
3755    mask.setElementAt({0}, numpy::bool_(true));
3756    mask.setElementAt({1}, numpy::bool_(false));
3757    mask.setElementAt({2}, numpy::bool_(true));
3758    mask.setElementAt({3}, numpy::bool_(false));
3759    mask.setElementAt({4}, numpy::bool_(true));
3760
3761    auto result = idx.putmask(mask, numpy::int64(99));
ravel (pd_test_3_all.cpp:2147)
2137        throw std::runtime_error("memory_usage shallow too small");
2138    }
2139    if (deep < shallow) {
2140        throw std::runtime_error("memory_usage deep should be >= shallow");
2141    }
2142
2143    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
2144}
2145
2146void pd_test_3_all_categorical_ravel_view() {
2147    std::cout << "========= CategoricalArray.ravel()/view() =============";
2148
2149    std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> values = {"a", "b", "c"};
2150    pandas::CategoricalArray arr(values);
2151
2152    auto raveled = arr.ravel();
2153    if (raveled.size() != 3 || !raveled.equals(arr)) {
2154        throw std::runtime_error("ravel failed");
2155    }
2156
2157    auto viewed = arr.view();
repeat (pd_test_3_all.cpp:2166)
2156    auto viewed = arr.view();
2157    if (viewed.size() != 3 || !viewed.equals(arr)) {
2158        throw std::runtime_error("view failed");
2159    }
2160
2161    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
2162}
2163
2164void pd_test_3_all_categorical_repeat() {
2165    std::cout << "========= CategoricalArray.repeat() ===================";
2166
2167    std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> values = {"a", "b"};
2168    pandas::CategoricalArray arr(values);
2169
2170    auto result = arr.repeat(3);
2171    if (result.size() != 6 || *result[0] != "a" || *result[2] != "a" ||
2172        *result[3] != "b" || *result[5] != "b") {
2173        throw std::runtime_error("repeat scalar failed");
2174    }
repr (pd_test_1_all.cpp:10906)
10896    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
10897}
10898
10899void pd_test_extension_index_repr() {
10900    std::cout << "========= repr =========================";
10901
10902    pandas::CategoricalArray arr({"a", "b", "c"});
10903    // Use ExtensionIndex<CategoricalArray> directly to test base class repr
10904    pandas::ExtensionIndex<pandas::CategoricalArray> idx(arr, "test");
10905
10906    std::string repr_str = idx.repr();
10907
10908    bool passed = (!repr_str.empty() && repr_str.find("ExtensionIndex") != std::string::npos);
10909    if (!passed) {
10910        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_extension_index_repr() : repr check failed" << std::endl;
10911        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_extension_index_repr failed");
10912    }
10913
10914    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
10915}
result (pd_test_1_all.cpp:15406)
15396    data.setElementAt({0}, numpy::datetime64(100LL, numpy::DateTimeUnit::Nanosecond));
15397    data.setElementAt({1}, numpy::datetime64(200LL, numpy::DateTimeUnit::Nanosecond));
15398
15399    numpy::NDArray<numpy::bool_> mask(std::vector<size_t>{2});
15400    mask.setElementAt({0}, numpy::bool_(false));
15401    mask.setElementAt({1}, numpy::bool_(false));
15402
15403    pandas::DatetimeArray arr(data, mask);
15404    pandas::DatetimeIndexBase idx(arr, "original");
15405
15406    // Create join result (int64 values)
15407    numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64> join_result(std::vector<size_t>{3});
15408    join_result.setElementAt({0}, numpy::int64(500LL));
15409    join_result.setElementAt({1}, numpy::int64(600LL));
15410    join_result.setElementAt({2}, numpy::int64(700LL));
15411
15412    auto new_idx = idx._from_join_target(join_result);
15413
15414    bool passed = (new_idx.size() == 3 &&
15415                   new_idx.name().has_value() && *new_idx.name() == "original");
15416    if (!passed) {
right (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1910)
1900        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : default constructor size" << std::endl;
1901        return;
1902    }
1903    if (empty.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
1904        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : default closure" << std::endl;
1905        return;
1906    }
1907
1908    // Constructor from left/right arrays
1909    numpy::NDArray<numpy::float64> left(std::vector<size_t>{3});
1910    numpy::NDArray<numpy::float64> right(std::vector<size_t>{3});
1911    left.setElementAt({0}, 0.0);  right.setElementAt({0}, 1.0);
1912    left.setElementAt({1}, 1.0);  right.setElementAt({1}, 2.0);
1913    left.setElementAt({2}, 2.0);  right.setElementAt({2}, 3.0);
1914
1915    pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64 arr1(left, right);
1916    if (arr1.size() != 3) {
1917        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_constructors() : array size" << std::endl;
1918        return;
1919    }
round (pd_test_1_all.cpp:1688)
1678    void pd_test_floating_array_rounding() {
1679        std::cout << "========= FloatingArray: rounding ======================= ";
1680
1681        pandas::FloatingArray<double> arr({
1682            std::optional<double>(1.234),
1683            std::optional<double>(2.567),
1684            std::nullopt
1685        });
1686
1687        auto rounded = arr.round(2);
1688        if (std::abs(rounded[0].value() - 1.23) > 0.001 ||
1689            std::abs(rounded[1].value() - 2.57) > 0.001) {
1690            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_floating_array_rounding() : round(2)" << std::endl;
1691            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_floating_array_rounding failed: round(2)");
1692        }
1693
1694        if (!rounded.is_na(2)) {
1695            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_floating_array_rounding() : round should preserve NA" << std::endl;
1696            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_floating_array_rounding failed: NA preservation");
1697        }
set_closed (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2285)
2275    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0};
2276    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2277
2278    if (arr.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
2279        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_set_closed() : initial closure" << std::endl;
2280        return;
2281    }
2282
2283    // Change to left-closed
2284    auto arr_left = arr.set_closed(pandas::IntervalClosed::Left);
2285    if (arr_left.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Left) {
2286        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_set_closed() : set to Left" << std::endl;
2287        return;
2288    }
2289
2290    // Original should be unchanged
2291    if (arr.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
2292        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_set_closed() : original changed" << std::endl;
2293        return;
2294    }
set_closed (pd_test_1_all.cpp:2285)
2275    std::vector<numpy::float64> breaks = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0};
2276    auto arr = pandas::IntervalArrayFloat64::from_breaks(breaks, pandas::IntervalClosed::Right);
2277
2278    if (arr.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
2279        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_set_closed() : initial closure" << std::endl;
2280        return;
2281    }
2282
2283    // Change to left-closed
2284    auto arr_left = arr.set_closed(pandas::IntervalClosed::Left);
2285    if (arr_left.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Left) {
2286        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_set_closed() : set to Left" << std::endl;
2287        return;
2288    }
2289
2290    // Original should be unchanged
2291    if (arr.closed() != pandas::IntervalClosed::Right) {
2292        std::cout << "[FAIL] : in test_set_closed() : original changed" << std::endl;
2293        return;
2294    }
set_subtype_override (pd_test_3_all.cpp:24977)
24967    std::cout << "========= Interval repr float bounds ====================";
24968    pandas::Interval<double> iv(0.0, 1.5);
24969    if (iv.repr() != "Interval(0.0, 1.5, closed='right')")
24970        throw std::runtime_error("repr mismatch: " + iv.repr());
24971    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
24972}
24973
24974void pd_test_interval_repr_timedelta() {
24975    std::cout << "========= Interval repr timedelta subtype ===============";
24976    pandas::Interval<double> iv(0.0, 86400000000000.0);  // 1 day in nanos
24977    iv.set_subtype_override("timedelta64[ns]");
24978    std::string r = iv.repr();
24979    if (r.find("Timedelta") == std::string::npos)
24980        throw std::runtime_error("expected Timedelta in repr: " + r);
24981    if (r.find("1 days") == std::string::npos)
24982        throw std::runtime_error("expected '1 days' in repr: " + r);
24983    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
24984}
24985
24986void pd_test_interval_str_integer() {
24987    std::cout << "========= Interval to_string integer bounds =============";
slice_indexer (pd_test_3_all.cpp:711)
701    }
702
703    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
704}
705
706// ============================================================================
707// Category 6: Index Indexer Methods
708// ============================================================================
709
710void pd_test_3_all_index_indexers() {
711    std::cout << "========= Index.get_indexer_for/non_unique/slice_indexer() ";
712
713    std::vector<std::string> vals = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
714    pandas::Index<std::string> idx(vals);
715
716    // Test get_indexer_for()
717    std::vector<std::string> target = {"b", "d", "f"};  // "f" doesn't exist
718    numpy::NDArray<numpy::int64> indexer = idx.get_indexer_for(target);
719    if (indexer.getSize() != 3) {
720        std::cout << "  [FAIL] : in pd_test_3_all_index_indexers() : get_indexer_for size mismatch" << std::endl;
721        throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_3_all_index_indexers failed: get_indexer_for size");
slice_locs (pd_test_1_all.cpp:18275)
18265        }
18266
18267        std::cout << "-> tests passed" << std::endl;
18268    }
18269
18270    void pd_test_range_index_slice_locs() {
18271        std::cout << "========= slice_locs ================================== ";
18272
18273        pandas::RangeIndex ri(0, 10);  // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
18274
18275        auto [start_idx, stop_idx] = ri.slice_locs(3, 7);
18276
18277        bool passed = (start_idx == 3 && stop_idx == 8);
18278
18279        if (!passed) {
18280            std::cout << "  [FAIL] : slice_locs" << std::endl;
18281            throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_range_index_slice_locs failed");
18282        }
18283
18284        std::cout << "-> tests passed" << std::endl;
18285    }
sort (pd_test_3_all.cpp:3869)
3859        throw std::runtime_error("last 2 positions should be NaN");
3860    }
3861    if (std::abs(result[0] - 3.0) > 0.001) {
3862        throw std::runtime_error("shift(-2) [0] should be 3.0");
3863    }
3864
3865    std::cout << " -> tests passed" << std::endl;
3866}
3867
3868void pd_test_3_all_index_sort() {
3869    std::cout << "========= Index.sort() =============================";
3870
3871    pandas::Index<numpy::int64> idx({3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6});
3872    auto result = idx.sort();
3873
3874    if (result[0] != 1 || result[1] != 1 || result[7] != 9) {
3875        throw std::runtime_error("sort() not working correctly");
3876    }
3877
3878    // Test descending
3879    result = idx.sort(false);
sortlevel (pd_test_1_all.cpp:14676)
14666        void pd_test_multiindex_sortlevel() {
14667            std::cout << "========= sortlevel =================================== ";
14668
14669            std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> arrays = {
14670                {"b", "a", "c"},
14671                {"2", "1", "3"}
14672            };
14673
14674            pandas::MultiIndex mi = pandas::MultiIndex::from_arrays<std::string>(arrays);
14675            auto [sorted, indices] = mi.sortlevel(0);
14676
14677            bool passed = true;
14678
14679            // After sorting by level 0: a, b, c
14680            if (sorted[0][0] != "a" || sorted[1][0] != "b" || sorted[2][0] != "c") {
14681                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : not sorted correctly by level 0" << std::endl;
14682                passed = false;
14683            }
14684
14685            if (!passed) {
str (pd_test_1_all.cpp:7137)
7127            // Test basic info() with stringstream
7128            std::map<std::string, std::vector<int>> data = {
7129                {"A", {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}},
7130                {"B", {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}},
7131                {"C", {100, 200, 300, 400, 500}}
7132            };
7133            pandas::DataFrame df(data);
7134
7135            std::ostringstream oss;
7136            df.info(oss);
7137            std::string output = oss.str();
7138
7139            // Verify key components
7140            if (output.find("<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>") == std::string::npos) {
7141                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : info missing class name" << std::endl;
7142                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_dataframe_info failed: missing class name");
7143            }
7144            if (output.find("RangeIndex:") == std::string::npos) {
7145                std::cout << "  [FAIL] : info missing RangeIndex" << std::endl;
7146                throw std::runtime_error("pd_test_dataframe_info failed: missing RangeIndex");
7147            }
type_id (pd_test_3_all.cpp:25592)
25582// ------------------- pd_test_value_classify (end) ------------------
25583
25584// ------------------- pd_test_index_type_id (start) ------------------
25585namespace dataframe_tests_index_type_id {
25586
25587void pd_test_index_type_id_dispatch() {
25588    std::cout << "========= IndexTypeId dispatch =======================";
25589
25590    // RangeIndex
25591    ::pandas::RangeIndex ri(0, 5);
25592    if (ri.type_id() != ::pandas::IndexTypeId::RangeIndex)
25593        throw std::runtime_error("RangeIndex type_id failed");
25594
25595    // Index<string>
25596    ::pandas::Index<std::string> si(std::vector<std::string>{"a", "b", "c"});
25597    if (si.type_id() != ::pandas::IndexTypeId::IndexString)
25598        throw std::runtime_error("Index<string> type_id failed");
25599
25600    // Index<int64>
25601    ::pandas::Index<numpy::int64> ii(std::vector<numpy::int64>{1, 2, 3});
25602    if (ii.type_id() != ::pandas::IndexTypeId::IndexInt64)