Array Creation Functions
========================

.. currentmodule:: numpycore

Functions for creating arrays.

Example
-------

.. code-block:: python

   import numpycore as np

   # From data
   arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
   mat = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

   # Zeros and ones
   zeros = np.zeros((3, 3))
   ones = np.ones((2, 4))
   full = np.full((2, 3), 7)

   # Ranges
   arange = np.arange(0, 10, 2)
   linspace = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)

From Data
---------

.. list-table::
   :widths: 25 60 15
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Function
     - Description
     - Example
   * - array(object, dtype)
     - Create array from list/tuple/array
     - 
   * - asarray(a)
     - Convert input to array
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-from-data-asarray-0>`
   * - asanyarray(a)
     - Convert to array (pass through subclasses)
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-from-data-asanyarray-1>`
   * - ascontiguousarray(a)
     - Return contiguous array
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-from-data-ascontiguousarray-2>`
   * - copy(a)
     - Return array copy
     - 

Zeros and Ones
--------------

.. list-table::
   :widths: 25 60 15
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Function
     - Description
     - Example
   * - zeros(shape, dtype)
     - Array of zeros
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-zeros-3>`
   * - ones(shape, dtype)
     - Array of ones
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-ones-4>`
   * - empty(shape, dtype)
     - Uninitialized array
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-empty-5>`
   * - full(shape, fill_value)
     - Array filled with value
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-full-6>`
   * - zeros_like(a)
     - Zeros with same shape as a
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-zeros_like-7>`
   * - ones_like(a)
     - Ones with same shape as a
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-ones_like-8>`
   * - empty_like(a)
     - Empty with same shape as a
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-empty_like-9>`
   * - full_like(a, fill_value)
     - Filled with same shape as a
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-zeros-ones-full_like-10>`

Numerical Ranges
----------------

.. list-table::
   :widths: 25 60 15
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Function
     - Description
     - Example
   * - arange(start, stop, step)
     - Evenly spaced values within interval
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-ranges-arange-11>`
   * - linspace(start, stop, num)
     - Evenly spaced numbers over interval
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-ranges-linspace-12>`
   * - logspace(start, stop, num)
     - Numbers spaced evenly on log scale
     - 
   * - geomspace(start, stop, num)
     - Numbers spaced evenly on geometric scale
     - 

Matrix Creation
---------------

.. list-table::
   :widths: 25 60 15
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Function
     - Description
     - Example
   * - eye(N, M, k)
     - 2-D array with ones on diagonal
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-matrix-eye-13>`
   * - identity(n)
     - Identity matrix
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-matrix-identity-14>`
   * - diag(v, k)
     - Diagonal array or extract diagonal
     - 
   * - diagflat(v, k)
     - Create 2-D array with diagonal
     - 
   * - tri(N, M, k)
     - Array with ones at and below diagonal
     - 
   * - tril(m, k)
     - Lower triangle of array
     - 
   * - triu(m, k)
     - Upper triangle of array
     - 
   * - vander(x, N)
     - Vandermonde matrix
     - 

Grid Creation
-------------

.. list-table::
   :widths: 25 60 15
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Function
     - Description
     - Example
   * - meshgrid(*xi)
     - Coordinate matrices from vectors
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-grid-meshgrid-15>`
   * - mgrid
     - Dense multi-dimensional meshgrid
     - 
   * - ogrid
     - Open multi-dimensional meshgrid
     - 
   * - indices(dimensions)
     - Grid of indices
     - :ref:`View <example-creation-grid-indices-16>`

Code Examples
-------------

The following examples are extracted from the test suite.

.. _example-creation-from-data-asarray-0:

.. dropdown:: asarray (test_array_conversion.py:35)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 25
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          print("Warning: NumPy not available. Skipping comparison tests.")
      
      def test_asarray():
          """Test asarray function with various input types"""
          print("="*70)
          print("Testing asarray()")
          print("="*70)
      
          # Test 1: Python list
          print("\n[Test 1] asarray from Python list")
          result = numpycore.asarray([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
          print(f"  numpycore.asarray([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]): {result}")
          print(f"  Shape: {result.shape}, dtype: {result.dtype}")
          assert result.shape == (5,), f"Expected shape (5,), got {result.shape}"
          if HAS_NUMPY:
              np_result = np.asarray([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
              assert np.allclose(result, np_result), "Results don't match NumPy"
          print("  [OK] Python list")
      
          # Test 2: 2D Python list
          print("\n[Test 2] asarray from 2D Python list")

.. _example-creation-from-data-asanyarray-1:

.. dropdown:: asanyarray (test_array_conversion.py:98)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 88
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          print("="*70)
      
      def test_asanyarray():
          """Test asanyarray function"""
          print("\n" + "="*70)
          print("Testing asanyarray()")
          print("="*70)
      
          # Test 1: Basic array
          print("\n[Test 1] asanyarray from list")
          result = numpycore.asanyarray([1, 2, 3, 4])
          print(f"  numpycore.asanyarray([1, 2, 3, 4]): {result}")
          assert result.shape == (4,), f"Expected shape (4,), got {result.shape}"
          print("  [OK] asanyarray from list")
      
          # Test 2: 2D array
          print("\n[Test 2] asanyarray from 2D list")
          result = numpycore.asanyarray([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
          print(f"  numpycore.asanyarray([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]): shape={result.shape}")
          assert result.shape == (3, 2), f"Expected shape (3, 2), got {result.shape}"
          print("  [OK] asanyarray from 2D list")

.. _example-creation-from-data-ascontiguousarray-2:

.. dropdown:: ascontiguousarray (test_array_conversion.py:122)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 112
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          print("="*70)
      
      def test_ascontiguousarray():
          """Test ascontiguousarray function"""
          print("\n" + "="*70)
          print("Testing ascontiguousarray()")
          print("="*70)
      
          # Test 1: Basic array
          print("\n[Test 1] ascontiguousarray from list")
          result = numpycore.ascontiguousarray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
          print(f"  numpycore.ascontiguousarray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]): shape={result.shape}")
          print(f"  Result is C-contiguous: {result.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS']}")
          assert result.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS'], "Result should be C-contiguous"
          print("  [OK] C-contiguous array")
      
          # Test 2: With dtype
          print("\n[Test 2] ascontiguousarray with dtype")
          result = numpycore.ascontiguousarray([1, 2, 3, 4], dtype='float64')
          print(f"  numpycore.ascontiguousarray([1, 2, 3, 4], dtype='float64'): {result}")
          assert result.dtype == np.float64, f"Expected float64, got {result.dtype}"

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-zeros-3:

.. dropdown:: zeros (test_advanced_linalg_and_numerical.py:63)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 53
      :emphasize-lines: 11

      # ============================================================================
      # Linear Algebra Tests
      # ============================================================================
      
      def test_solve():
          """Test np.linalg.solve() for solving linear systems Ax = b"""
          # Create a simple 2x2 system: [[2, 1], [1, 3]] @ x = [1, 2]
          np_A = test_bind.np.array([[2.0, 1.0], [1.0, 3.0]])
          np_b = test_bind.np.array([1.0, 2.0])
      
          nc_A = test_bind.numpycore.zeros([2, 2])
          nc_A.itemset(0, 2.0)
          nc_A.itemset(1, 1.0)
          nc_A.itemset(2, 1.0)
          nc_A.itemset(3, 3.0)
      
          nc_b = test_bind.numpycore.zeros([2])
          nc_b.itemset(0, 1.0)
          nc_b.itemset(1, 2.0)
      
          np_result = test_bind.np.linalg.solve(np_A, np_b)

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-ones-4:

.. dropdown:: ones (test_2d_3d_operations.py:15)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 5
      :emphasize-lines: 11

      
      def assert_arrays_equal(np_result, nc_result, test_name):
          if not test_bind.np.allclose(test_bind.np.asarray(np_result), test_bind.np.asarray(nc_result), rtol=1e-10, atol=1e-10, equal_nan=True):
              print(f"[FAIL] {test_name}"); sys.exit(1)
          print(f"[OK] {test_name}: PASSED")
      
      def test_rot90_k2(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.rot90(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]),k=2), test_bind.np.rot90(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2]),k=2), "rot90_k2")
      def test_fliplr(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.fliplr(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])), test_bind.np.fliplr(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2])), "fliplr")
      def test_flipud(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.flipud(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])), test_bind.np.flipud(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2])), "flipud")
      def test_roll_2d(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.roll(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]),1,axis=0), test_bind.np.roll(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2]),1,axis=0), "roll_2d")
      def test_rollaxis(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.rollaxis(test_bind.np.ones((3,4,5)),2), test_bind.np.rollaxis(test_bind.numpycore.ones([3,4,5]),2), "rollaxis")
      def test_transpose_axes(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.transpose(test_bind.np.ones((2,3,4)),(2,0,1)), test_bind.np.transpose(test_bind.numpycore.ones([2,3,4]),(2,0,1)), "transpose_axes")
      
      def f_main():
          if test_bind.f_setup_test_environment() != 0: return 1
          print("="*70); print("Additional 2D/3D Operations Tests"); print("="*70); print()
          test_rot90_k2(); test_fliplr(); test_flipud(); test_roll_2d(); test_rollaxis(); test_transpose_axes()
          print(); print("[OK] All 6 2D/3D operations tests passed!")
          return 0
      
      if __name__ == "__main__": sys.exit(f_main())

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-empty-5:

.. dropdown:: empty (test_array_creation_complete.py:67)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 57
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert np.allclose(arr, np.zeros((2, 3))), "zeros() 2D values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("zeros() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_empty():
          """Test empty() - create uninitialized array"""
          f_print_info("Testing empty()")
      
          # Test shape creation
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.empty([2, 3])
          assert arr.shape == (2, 3), f"Expected shape (2, 3), got {arr.shape}"
          assert arr.dtype == np.float64, f"Expected dtype float64, got {arr.dtype}"
      
          f_print_success("empty() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_full():
          """Test full() - create array filled with specific value"""
          f_print_info("Testing full()")
      

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-full-6:

.. dropdown:: full (test_array_creation_complete.py:79)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 69
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert arr.dtype == np.float64, f"Expected dtype float64, got {arr.dtype}"
      
          f_print_success("empty() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_full():
          """Test full() - create array filled with specific value"""
          f_print_info("Testing full()")
      
          # Test with scalar value
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.full([2, 3], 7.5)
          assert arr.shape == (2, 3), f"Expected shape (2, 3), got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.full((2, 3), 7.5)), "full() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("full() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_identity():
          """Test identity() - create identity matrix"""
          f_print_info("Testing identity()")
      

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-zeros_like-7:

.. dropdown:: zeros_like (test_array_creation_complete.py:163)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 153
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert np.allclose(arr, np.ones_like(prototype)), "ones_like() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("ones_like() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_zeros_like():
          """Test zeros_like() - create array of zeros with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing zeros_like()")
      
          prototype = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.zeros_like(prototype)
          assert arr.shape == prototype.shape, f"Expected shape {prototype.shape}, got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.zeros_like(prototype)), "zeros_like() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("zeros_like() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_empty_like():
          """Test empty_like() - create uninitialized array with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing empty_like()")
      

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-ones_like-8:

.. dropdown:: ones_like (test_array_creation_complete.py:151)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 141
      :emphasize-lines: 11

      
      # ============================================================================
      # LIKE FUNCTIONS TESTS
      # ============================================================================
      
      def test_ones_like():
          """Test ones_like() - create array of ones with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing ones_like()")
      
          prototype = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.ones_like(prototype)
          assert arr.shape == prototype.shape, f"Expected shape {prototype.shape}, got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.ones_like(prototype)), "ones_like() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("ones_like() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_zeros_like():
          """Test zeros_like() - create array of zeros with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing zeros_like()")
      

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-empty_like-9:

.. dropdown:: empty_like (test_array_creation_complete.py:175)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 165
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert np.allclose(arr, np.zeros_like(prototype)), "zeros_like() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("zeros_like() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_empty_like():
          """Test empty_like() - create uninitialized array with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing empty_like()")
      
          prototype = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.empty_like(prototype)
          assert arr.shape == prototype.shape, f"Expected shape {prototype.shape}, got {arr.shape}"
          assert arr.dtype == prototype.dtype, f"Expected dtype {prototype.dtype}, got {arr.dtype}"
      
          f_print_success("empty_like() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_full_like():
          """Test full_like() - create filled array with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing full_like()")
      

.. _example-creation-zeros-ones-full_like-10:

.. dropdown:: full_like (test_array_creation_complete.py:187)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 177
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert arr.dtype == prototype.dtype, f"Expected dtype {prototype.dtype}, got {arr.dtype}"
      
          f_print_success("empty_like() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_full_like():
          """Test full_like() - create filled array with shape from prototype"""
          f_print_info("Testing full_like()")
      
          prototype = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.full_like(prototype, 7.5)
          assert arr.shape == prototype.shape, f"Expected shape {prototype.shape}, got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.full_like(prototype, 7.5)), "full_like() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("full_like() tests passed")
      
      
      # ============================================================================
      # CONVERSION FUNCTIONS TESTS
      # ============================================================================
      

.. _example-creation-ranges-arange-11:

.. dropdown:: arange (test_2d_3d_operations.py:11)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 1
      :emphasize-lines: 11

      #!/usr/bin/env python3
      """Phase 28: Additional 2D/3D Operations Tests"""
      import sys
      import test_bind
      
      def assert_arrays_equal(np_result, nc_result, test_name):
          if not test_bind.np.allclose(test_bind.np.asarray(np_result), test_bind.np.asarray(nc_result), rtol=1e-10, atol=1e-10, equal_nan=True):
              print(f"[FAIL] {test_name}"); sys.exit(1)
          print(f"[OK] {test_name}: PASSED")
      
      def test_rot90_k2(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.rot90(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]),k=2), test_bind.np.rot90(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2]),k=2), "rot90_k2")
      def test_fliplr(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.fliplr(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])), test_bind.np.fliplr(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2])), "fliplr")
      def test_flipud(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.flipud(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])), test_bind.np.flipud(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2])), "flipud")
      def test_roll_2d(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.roll(test_bind.np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]),1,axis=0), test_bind.np.roll(test_bind.numpycore.arange(1.,5.,1.).reshape([2,2]),1,axis=0), "roll_2d")
      def test_rollaxis(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.rollaxis(test_bind.np.ones((3,4,5)),2), test_bind.np.rollaxis(test_bind.numpycore.ones([3,4,5]),2), "rollaxis")
      def test_transpose_axes(): assert_arrays_equal(test_bind.np.transpose(test_bind.np.ones((2,3,4)),(2,0,1)), test_bind.np.transpose(test_bind.numpycore.ones([2,3,4]),(2,0,1)), "transpose_axes")
      
      def f_main():
          if test_bind.f_setup_test_environment() != 0: return 1
          print("="*70); print("Additional 2D/3D Operations Tests"); print("="*70); print()
          test_rot90_k2(); test_fliplr(); test_flipud(); test_roll_2d(); test_rollaxis(); test_transpose_axes()

.. _example-creation-ranges-linspace-12:

.. dropdown:: linspace (test_advanced_operations.py:75)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 65
      :emphasize-lines: 11

              return False
      
      
      # ============================================================================
      # Sorting Tests
      # ============================================================================
      
      def test_sort_1d():
          """Test sorting 1D array"""
          np_arr = test_bind.np.array([3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 5.0, 9.0])
          nc_arr = test_bind.numpycore.linspace(3.0, 9.0, 6)  # Will need to shuffle or use explicit values
      
          # Use explicit construction
          nc_values = [3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 5.0, 9.0]
          nc_arr = test_bind.numpycore.zeros([6])
          for i, val in enumerate(nc_values):
              nc_arr.itemset(i, val)
      
          np_sorted = test_bind.np.sort(np_arr)
          nc_sorted = test_bind.np.sort(nc_arr)
      

.. _example-creation-matrix-eye-13:

.. dropdown:: eye (test_array_creation_complete.py:102)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 92
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert np.allclose(arr, np.identity(3)), "identity() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("identity() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_eye():
          """Test eye() - create matrix with ones on diagonal"""
          f_print_info("Testing eye()")
      
          # Square matrix
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.eye(3, 3, 0)
          assert arr.shape == (3, 3), f"Expected shape (3, 3), got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.eye(3)), "eye() values incorrect"
      
          # Rectangular matrix
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.eye(3, 4, 1)
          assert arr.shape == (3, 4), f"Expected shape (3, 4), got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.eye(3, 4, 1)), "eye() with offset values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("eye() tests passed")
      

.. _example-creation-matrix-identity-14:

.. dropdown:: identity (test_array_creation_complete.py:90)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 80
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          assert arr.shape == (2, 3), f"Expected shape (2, 3), got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.full((2, 3), 7.5)), "full() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("full() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_identity():
          """Test identity() - create identity matrix"""
          f_print_info("Testing identity()")
      
          arr = test_bind.numpycore.identity(3)
          assert arr.shape == (3, 3), f"Expected shape (3, 3), got {arr.shape}"
          assert np.allclose(arr, np.identity(3)), "identity() values incorrect"
      
          f_print_success("identity() tests passed")
      
      
      def test_eye():
          """Test eye() - create matrix with ones on diagonal"""
          f_print_info("Testing eye()")
      

.. _example-creation-grid-meshgrid-15:

.. dropdown:: meshgrid (test_array_creation_extended.py:464)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 454
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          np_arr = test_bind.np.arange(0, 24, 1, dtype='float64').reshape(2, 3, 4)
          nc_arr = test_bind.numpycore.arange(0.0, 24.0, 1.0).reshape(2, 3, 4)
      
          np_result = test_bind.np.ravel(np_arr)
          nc_result = test_bind.numpycore.ravel(nc_arr)
      
          assert_arrays_equal(np_result, nc_result, "ravel_numpycore_3d")
      
      
      def test_meshgrid_numpycore_2d_xy():
          """Test numpycore.meshgrid() with 2 vectors, xy indexing"""
          np_x = test_bind.np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
          np_y = test_bind.np.array([4.0, 5.0])
      
          nc_x = test_bind.numpycore.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
          nc_y = test_bind.numpycore.array([4.0, 5.0])
      
          np_xv, np_yv = test_bind.np.meshgrid(np_x, np_y, indexing='xy')
          nc_xv, nc_yv = test_bind.numpycore.meshgrid(nc_x, nc_y, indexing='xy')
      
          assert_arrays_equal(np_xv, nc_xv, "meshgrid_numpycore_2d_xy_xv")

.. _example-creation-grid-indices-16:

.. dropdown:: indices (test_phase11_array_generation.py:36)
   :class-title: example-dropdown

   .. code-block:: python
      :linenos:
      :lineno-start: 26
      :emphasize-lines: 11

          # and all elements after should be >= element at index 3
          partitioned_nc = arr_nc[result_nc]
          partitioned_np = arr_np[result_np]
      
          assert test_bind.np.all(partitioned_nc[:4] <= partitioned_nc[3]), "Partition property failed for numpycore"
          assert test_bind.np.all(partitioned_nc[4:] >= partitioned_nc[3]), "Partition property failed for numpycore"
          print("[OK] test_argpartition_basic: argpartition(arr, 3) works correctly")
      
      def test_indices_2d_dense():
          """Test indices() - 2D dense mode"""
          grid_nc = test_bind.numpycore.indices((2, 3))
          grid_np = test_bind.np.indices((2, 3))
      
          assert len(grid_nc) == 2, f"Expected 2 arrays, got {len(grid_nc)}"
          assert test_bind.np.allclose(grid_nc[0], grid_np[0]), "Row indices don't match"
          assert test_bind.np.allclose(grid_nc[1], grid_np[1]), "Column indices don't match"
          print("[OK] test_indices_2d_dense: indices((2, 3)) dense mode matches NumPy")
      
      def test_indices_2d_sparse():
          """Test indices() - 2D sparse mode"""
          grid_nc = test_bind.numpycore.indices((2, 3), sparse=True)